Herpes simplex is a skin disease caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). It is divided into two types according to the antigenicity of the virus, namely HSV-Ⅰ and HSV-Ⅱ. Type I mainly causes perioral infections; type II mainly causes infections of the skin mucosa in the genital area and in newborns. Humans are the only end-host of HSV and it is mainly transmitted through direct contact, and asymptomatic carriers are important hosts. The mode of transmission is mainly through the respiratory tract, oral cavity, nose, conjunctiva, genital mucosa, or broken skin; it can also be transmitted indirectly through eating utensils and clothing. Herpes simplex virus enters the body and grows and multiplies at the site of invasion, resulting in primary infection, which is mostly asymptomatic or subclinical, with only a minority (about 10%) showing clinical symptoms. Thereafter, the virus can remain latent in the body and exist in multiple sensory ganglia at the same time. Because herpes simplex virus does not produce permanent immunity in the body, the body is exposed to stimulating factors such as ultraviolet light. Trauma, infection, exposure to cold, alcohol, gastrointestinal disorders, pregnancy, late night exertion, and changes in the emotional environment can activate the latent virus in the body and cause herpes to recur. HSV infection can be clinically divided into two types: primary and recurrent primary infection: the clinical differences between patients are large, and the following types are distinguished: subclinical type (most patients do not show clinical symptoms after HSV infection, accounting for 90% of HSV infection. Antibodies can be detected in the serum of 50% of infected patients), herpetic gingival stomatitis, neonatal herpes, herpetic eczema, etc. Recurrent herpes simplex: some patients have recurrent herpes in the same area after the primary infection has subsided and is stimulated by stimulating factors. The rash occurs on the lips, around the mouth, near the nostrils, and on the vulva. It can also be seen on the face and mouth. The initial localized itching sensation is followed by the appearance of erythema, clusters of small red papules and small blisters with clear blistering fluid, and multiple nearby blisters can fuse. Within a few days, the blisters break down to form vesicles and crusts, and then heal. The duration of the disease is 1 to 2 weeks. If herpes involves the eye, corneal and conjunctival herpes can occur, which may cause post-corneal scarring and affect vision. Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by human herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and is relatively common. The pathogen of genital herpes is 90% HSV-II. The main sources of infection for this disease are patients with genital herpes and asymptomatic carriers of the virus. HSV-II is found in the cervix, vagina, urethra, and vulva of women and in the penis and urethra of men. Viral particles enter the skin and mucous membranes through microscopic trauma during sexual intercourse and replicate and multiply in the nucleus, spreading to the surrounding area and causing epidermal damage and morbidity. Once the body has suffered a primary HSV infection, the virus can exist latently in the host ganglion for a long time. After the primary infection has subsided, the remaining virus is transmitted via the peripheral nerve axons to the sacral ganglion for long-term latency. When the body is stimulated by overwork, infection, menstruation, mood swings and cold, the nerve cells produce the specific transcriptase required for HSV-II reproduction, and the latent HSV is activated and returns down the affected nerve roots to the skin mucosa of the affected area and develops. The disease is highly symptomatic at first onset, is prone to recurrence, and has attracted increasing attention as it can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, and neonatal death in women after infection, and is associated with the development of cervical cancer. Clinical manifestations Primary genital herpes has an incubation period of 2-20 days (mostly 3-14 days), with an average of 6 days. In males, it is more likely to occur on the penis, scrotum, urethra, and perianal area; in females, it is more likely to occur on the labia, but also on the cervix, vagina, vulva, thighs, and perianal area. The primary lesions are clusters of papules, papules, and blisters, which break down after 4-6 days to form ulcers and crusts with significant pain. Recurrent genital herpes often occurs within 1-4 months after the primary rash has subsided and is mostly at the site of the primary rash, with recurrent episodes of local burning, pins and needles sensation or abnormal sensation before the rash starts, but the signs and symptoms are mostly milder than those of the primary rash (it is not uncommon for the symptoms to be heavier than those of the primary rash), and the duration of the disease is shorter, about 7-10 days. Early antiviral treatment can shorten the duration of the disease, relieve symptoms and reduce the chance of transmission. The disease is cured by complete resolution of herpes damage, disappearance of pain, sensory abnormalities and swollen lymph nodes. Although the disease is prone to recurrence, the healing process is good. Therefore, there is no need to be overly stressed and frightened. Relaxation is less likely to recur!