Alexander T. Cohen, MD, of London, UK, reports on advances in the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In Europe, 53,599, 86,831, and 63,636 patients die each year from traffic accidents, breast cancer, and prostate cancer, respectively, while as many as 543,454 patients die from VTE. The traditional treatment of VTE includes the administration of short-term anticoagulant therapy or thrombolytic drugs followed by long-term vitamin K antagonists. Activated factor X (Xa) is an important target for thrombolytic and anticoagulant therapy as the central link in the waterfall effect during the initiation and formation phases of thrombosis. In recent years, drugs that specifically inhibit factor Xa activity have been clinically studied and evaluated in VTE and pulmonary embolism. idrabiotaparinux, as a biotinylated form of idraparinux, is an anticoagulant with indirect and long-acting inhibition of factor Xa activity. The drug is effective when administered subcutaneously only once a week, with good patient compliance, no need for blood coagulation testing, and no drug-drug or drug-food interactions. And the application of avidin specifically and immediately reverses the anticoagulant effect of idrabiotaparinux. The results of clinical studies with more than 25,000 patients with VTE and atrial fibrillation on idrabiotaparinux and/or idraparinux will soon be available. BOREALIS-AF is studying the dose adjustment of idrabiotaparinux in different patients, enrolling approximately 10,000 patients with atrial fibrillation; CASSIOPEA is specifically studying the effect of idrabiotaparinux on pulmonary embolism. The effect of idrabiotaparinux on pulmonary embolism. Therefore, as these studies progress, it is believed that Idrabiotaparinux, as a long-acting anticoagulant, may become another antithrombotic drug for atrial fibrillation and venous thrombosis after aspirin, clopidogrel, warfarin, low molecular heparin, sulforaphane sodium, and bivalirudin. Another exciting drug, the RELY study of dabigatran, was reported at this meeting by Stuart J. Connolly Hamilton, Canada, which enrolled 18,113 patients with atrial fibrillation combined with 1 risk factor for stroke in more than 900 sites in 44 countries, comparing the new oral anticoagulant dabigatran (110 mg per dose, twice daily) to the new oral anticoagulant dabigatran. and dabigatran 150 mg twice daily were compared with warfarin. The study was conducted for 2 years. The results showed that dabigatran, 110 mg twice daily, was as effective as warfarin in preventing systemic embolism (systemic embolism is defined as acute vascular obstruction of an extremity or organ confirmed by imaging, surgery, or autopsy) with a reduced incidence of major bleeding; dabigatran, 150 mg twice daily, was more effective than warfarin in preventing systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. Dabigatran was better than warfarin in preventing systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation, and the incidence of major bleeding was comparable to warfarin. Other studies of dabigatran and dabigatran ester include the completed REMODEL study (total knee replacement patients), the REMOBILIZ study (total knee replacement patients), and the ERENOVATE study (total hip replacement patients); ongoing studies include the RENOVATE II study (total hip replacement patients), the RECOVER study (acute pulmonary vein embolism), the REMEDY study (secondary prevention in patients with pulmonary vein embolism), the RESONAT study (secondary prevention in patients with pulmonary vein embolism), and the EREDEEM study (post-myocardial infarction patients). In conclusion, drabiotaparinux and dabigatran are two promising antithrombotic agents with promising preliminary clinical study results.