Osteomalacia and osteoporosis are a manifestation of bone and joint aging in middle-aged and elderly people, but osteomalacia is never caused by osteoporosis. However, osteophytes are not caused by osteoporosis, but by the wear and tear of the bones and joints of the human body, especially the knees and spine, which are heavily loaded and active, and the joint cartilage loses its normal smoothness and becomes rough, while the joint capsule, ligaments and tendons around the joints bleed due to strain. The body has to repair this chronic wear and tear, and the way it does so is through the growth of bone spurs. The essence of osteoporosis is in terms of a decrease in bone mass. It is a complex result of the interaction of genetic, hormonal and nutritional factors. Calcium and vitamin D deficiency, hyperthyroidism, inappropriate use of glucocorticoids, smoking, alcohol abuse, and prolonged bed rest can cause osteoporosis. Therefore, osteoporosis is not a single disease, but is caused by several different causes. For example, sex hormones are an important factor in the synthesis of bone in the human body. Therefore, when a woman is postmenopausal, the bone synthesis is seriously affected because the secretion of female hormones has decreased or stopped. The actual decrease or loss of human bone mass begins at the age of 30-40 years, and the loss is more rapid in middle-aged and elderly people. Although osteomalacia and osteoporosis are an inevitable phenomenon of bone aging in middle-aged and elderly people. However, it by no means occurs in all middle-aged and elderly people, but is related to different races, different social environments, social experiences, as well as individual lifestyles and dietary habits. For example, middle-aged and elderly people who regularly participate in physical labor, outdoor activities or a fresh vegetarian diet have less osteoporosis and osteopenia. The incidence of osteoporosis is higher in those who smoke regularly, drink heavily, or are bedridden or less active outdoors. Bone in the body is a living tissue that is always undergoing metabolic activities with the existence of life. In turn, calcium and phosphorus are the main components of bone. It is generally concentrated in bones and teeth in the form of bone salts, thus maintaining the hardness in bones and teeth. A very small percentage of calcium and phosphorus is present in the blood and soft tissues such as muscles, and their levels are maintained in an appropriate ratio, thus maintaining bone health. For middle-aged and elderly people, the uptake, digestion and absorption of calcium are seriously affected by the aging of their organs as well as their bones and joints, especially by the reduced secretion of gastric acid, pepsin and salivary glands and the reduced activity of digestive enzymes, when calcium is released from the bones to maintain a positive calcium balance. Therefore, it can be said that the essence of osteoporosis refers to the freeing and reduction of calcium in the bone. Therefore, moderate amount of calcium supplementation is beneficial to prevent and control osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly people, and calcium supplementation cannot treat osteoporosis.