A positive sputum test is not necessarily tuberculosis. Patients with tuberculosis can have positive sputum tests and find Mycobacterium avium in their sputum, but patients who find Mycobacterium avium may not necessarily have tuberculosis, but may also have non-tuberculous mycobacteria. In this case, sputum culture can be used to further distinguish between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. If it is considered to be tuberculosis, anti-TB treatment should be carried out to enhance nutrition, pay attention to rest, timely and regular anti-TB treatment is very effective. If the infection is not Mycobacterium tuberculosis, anti-TB treatment is also required, but the regimen is different from that of pulmonary tuberculosis and the course of treatment is longer.