Vasculitis includes vascular inflammation of the large, medium and small vessels and treatment varies. Large vessel vasculitis primarily involves the large arteries (aorta and its major branches) and can involve all vessels. The common clinical types are large arteritis and giant cell arteritis. The pathogenesis of primary vasculitis is mostly related to immune abnormalities, so glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants can be effective. Treatment of vasculitis includes a period of induction of remission and a period of maintenance of remission. Glucocorticoids are commonly used to induce remission; when hormonal therapy is not effective, immunosuppressants can be used in combination. The immunosuppressant of choice is cyclophosphamide, which can be given orally or intravenously. Others who are not well treated, or whose economic situation is acceptable, can be treated with biological agents. Vasculitis of the medium vessels mainly involves the medium arteries (organ artery trunks and their branches). Common clinical types are nodular arteritis and Kawasaki disease. Treatment is also hormonal and immunologic agents, and gammaglobulin injections are available for Kawasaki disease in children. Small vessel vasculitis primarily involves small vessels, including small arteries, microarteries, capillaries, small veins, and also intermediate arteries and veins. The predominant treatment is hormone plus cyclophosphamide to induce remission therapy. Maintenance therapy relies on methotrexate, azathioprine, and morte-macrolate. In case of thrombophlebitis the treatment requires anticoagulation, thrombolysis and, if necessary, surgery. Vasculitis requires a treatment plan based on the cause and condition. In addition to medication, surgical treatment is required if the vasculitis has resulted in arterial stenosis or valve closure insufficiency.