Atrial fibrillation, referred to as atrial fibrillation, is one of the most common clinical arrhythmias. In atrial fibrillation, the direction of excitation conduction within the atria is inconsistent, the frequency is as high as 300-600 beats/min and irregular, and the atria lose effective contraction. The overall prevalence of atrial fibrillation is 0.4%, with a prevalence of 1% for those under 60 years of age, and the incidence of atrial fibrillation gradually increases with age, reaching 10% for those over 75 years of age. Atrial fibrillation occurs in association with alcohol consumption, stress, electrolyte or metabolic imbalances, and severe infections, and is often associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart valve disease, chronic lung disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, hyperthyroidism, and pericarditis. Patients with atrial fibrillation often feel palpitations due to rapid and irregular heart rate, loss of atrial systolic function and prolonged increase in heart rate can lead to heart failure, weakness, dizziness, chest discomfort, and shortness of breath. The greatest danger of atrial fibrillation is the loss of atrial systolic function and the formation of blood clots in the atria, which can lead to cerebral embolism (stroke, hemiplegia) and arterial embolism of the limbs. In patients with atrial fibrillation without underlying disease, the annual incidence of stroke is about 1% before the age of 60, and about 2% between 60 and 75 years of age or older. Patients with atrial fibrillation who have a combined history of cerebral embolism, hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, heart failure, left atrial enlargement, and age over 65 years are at higher risk. The incidence of stroke in patients with non-valvular AF is 5.6 times higher than normal, and the incidence of stroke in valvular AF is 17 times higher than normal; moreover, the disability rate of stroke caused by AF is about 25%, and the mortality rate is as high as 25%. Although some patients are asymptomatic, the danger of thromboembolism still exists; therefore, atrial fibrillation has been described as the “invisible killer”. Treatment of atrial fibrillation focuses on restoring the sinus rhythm, controlling the rapid ventricular rate, and preventing thrombosis and stroke. Anticoagulation is necessary to prevent thrombosis and embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation, and the use of warfarin anticoagulation reduces the risk of stroke. Anticoagulation therapy mainly prevents thromboembolism and does not eliminate atrial fibrillation, nor does it eliminate symptoms such as palpitations and weakness, but can increase the risk of bleeding. The effect of warfarin is easily interfered by other drugs or diet, the dose is not easy to control, individual differences are large, it needs to be taken under the guidance of a specialist, and long-term application requires INR monitoring, which is difficult for many patients to adhere to for a long time. The methods of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm include pharmacological and electrical resuscitation, and electrical resuscitation is not a radical cure for atrial fibrillation, with an immediate success rate of 86% to 94%. The success rate is 86% to 94% immediately. The rate of pharmacologic resuscitation is 70% to 80% in new-onset AF and less than 50% in other AF patients. The maintenance rate of sinus rhythm after 1 year is about 23% in patients who are not maintained with drugs after resuscitation, and about 16% after 2 years; the maintenance rate of sinus rhythm after 1 year and 2 years is 40% and 33%, respectively, when drugs are added to maintain sinus rhythm. The side effects of antiarrhythmic drugs used to maintain sinus rhythm are large. 12% of the most commonly used amiodarone is discontinued due to its side effects, the incidence of arrhythmia is about 2%, 8.4% of thyroid function abnormalities occur, and some patients can also lead to pulmonary fibrosis, etc. With the development of interventional technology, atrial fibrillation can be cured, and the current methods to cure atrial fibrillation include catheter ablation and surgical treatment. Catheter ablation is suitable for most patients with atrial fibrillation and is less invasive and easily accepted by patients; surgical maze surgery is currently mainly used for patients with atrial fibrillation who require cardiac surgery for other heart diseases and is highly invasive. The vast majority of patients with atrial fibrillation are associated with pulmonary vein electrical activity, so this method uses special catheters inserted through veins into the heart, and then these catheters are sent to the pulmonary veins to dispense other energy such as radiofrequency or freezing to perform pulmonary vein electrical isolation, which can achieve the purpose of eradicating atrial fibrillation. At present, catheter ablation has become the first-line treatment for atrial fibrillation in large cardiac treatment centers in Europe and the United States, with a success rate of 80% to 90%, safe and effective.