The main treatment options for atrial fibrillation include drug therapy and catheter-based radiofrequency ablation. The choice of treatment is determined by the physician based on the patient’s age, past medical history, and underlying cardiac structure and function, and there is no such thing as the best treatment. The mainstay of treatment for atrial fibrillation is ventricular rate control, restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm, and anticoagulation for thrombosis prevention in the context of underlying cardiac care. In acute episodes of atrial fibrillation and chronic atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate, treatment to control the ventricular rate is an important measure to relieve symptoms and improve cardiac function. A portion of patients with acute paroxysmal atrial fibrillation can return to sinus rhythm as the ventricular rate decreases. Persistent and permanent atrial fibrillation can control the ventricular rate to 60-70 beats/minute, with mild activity not exceeding 90 beats/minute. Drugs are mostly chosen from the beta-blocker class (e.g., metoprolol) or non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (e.g., verapamil), and digitalis (e.g., digoxin) may be used in patients with atrial fibrillation complicated by cardiac insufficiency. Patients with recurrent episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, a history of persistent atrial fibrillation of less than one year, insignificant atrial enlargement (≤45 mm) on cardiac ultrasound, and no thrombosis may be considered for return to sinus rhythm using pharmacologic cardioversion, electrical cardioversion, or catheter-based radiofrequency ablation. After successful resuscitation, oral antiarrhythmic drugs should be continued. Currently, catheter radiofrequency ablation has a 70-90% success rate for paroxysmal AF and a 60-70% success rate for persistent AF. In addition, anticoagulation is indicated for all patients with atrial fibrillation to avoid life-threatening thrombotic complications. Currently, new oral anticoagulants and warfarin are commonly used. Regular blood tests are required to detect the International Normalized Ratio (INR) index when taking warfarin to make sure that the drug is having an appropriate therapeutic effect. The treatment of atrial fibrillation varies according to the patient’s individual differences and underlying cardiac conditions, and the choice of treatment program must be under the guidance of a professional physician to choose the most suitable method for themselves, and must not blindly follow the experience of others to take their own medication. When atrial fibrillation is detected, it is necessary to go to the hospital in a timely manner, and choose the most suitable treatment for yourself according to the guidance of professional physicians.