What is commonly referred to as Parkinson’s syndrome is not the same thing as primary Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s syndrome is often secondary to some other diseases of the nervous system, including cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, intracranial inflammation, brain tumors, or caused by toxins or drugs, so Parkinson’s syndrome is also called “secondary Parkinson’s disease”. In addition, it also includes symptomatic Parkinson’s syndrome, which is essentially other neurological diseases with some symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, also known as “Parkinson’s superimposed syndrome”. So, how does Parkinson’s syndrome differ from Parkinson’s disease? The clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s syndrome and Parkinson’s disease: Parkinson’s disease ≠ Parkinson’s syndrome. If we look at the onset of the disease, Parkinson’s syndrome can occur in any age group, unlike Parkinson’s disease patients who usually start in middle or old age. Clinically, Parkinson’s syndrome has the same manifestations as Parkinson’s disease, such as motor retardation, dull expression, increased muscle tone, tremor, etc. In addition, it often has manifestations left over from the primary disease, such as seizure disorder, hemiparesis, headache, ataxia, eye movement disorder, slurred speech, postural hypotension, dementia, etc. The imaging manifestations of Parkinson’s disease are not characteristic. Parkinson’s syndrome, on the other hand, often has corresponding changes or characteristic changes. Parkinson’s syndrome is divided into the following four categories: 1, Parkinson’s disease 2, secondary Parkinson’s syndrome: refers to trauma, poisoning, drugs, cerebrovascular disease, tumors, encephalitis and other causes of Parkinson’s syndrome 3, genetic degeneration Parkinson’s syndrome 4, Parkinson’s superimposed syndrome Parkinson’s syndrome and Parkinson’s disease, the etiology and pathogenesis of the two are very different. The cause of Parkinson’s disease is still unclear, and the pathological changes are mainly degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain, so that they cannot produce enough dopamine and develop. Parkinson’s syndrome, on the other hand, is a combination of known causes, and the pathological changes in the brain are the result of lesions in the brain, the substantia nigra and striatal pathways, and the degeneration of dopamine neurons, resulting in insufficient dopamine production or inability to transmit dopamine to maintain normal neurological function. Treatment of Parkinson’s syndrome and Parkinson’s disease Treatment of Parkinson’s syndrome is also different from that of Parkinson’s disease. Treatment with levodopa replacement therapy is more effective in Parkinson’s disease and less effective in Parkinson’s syndrome. Therefore, before starting anti-Parkinson’s disease treatment, it is important to carefully distinguish whether a patient has Parkinson’s syndrome, or Parkinson’s disease, as there are major differences in treatment and prognosis.