Cardiothoracic surgical diseases include diseases of cardiac surgery and general thoracic surgery. 1, cardiac surgical diseases: including congenital heart malformation, acquired heart valve disease, coronary heart disease, large vessel disease and pericardial disease, cardiac tumor, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia surgical treatment, heart transplantation and so on. Among them, congenital heart malformations include several types: atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, pulmonary venous malformation drainage, triatrial heart, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, mitral valve malformation, tricuspid atresia, Ebstein’s malformation, congenital tricuspid stenosis, tetralogy of Fallot, patent ductus arteriosus, left (right) ventricular outflow tract stenosis, pulmonary atresia, main pulmonary window, aortic sinus aneurysm The acquired heart valve diseases include mitral stenosis, mitral valve closure insufficiency, tricuspid valve stenosis and closure insufficiency, combined valve lesions (two or more valve lesions), infective endocarditis, etc. Large vessel diseases include aortic aneurysm, aortic coarctation, aortitis, superior vena cava syndrome, Buga syndrome, etc. 2, general thoracic surgery diseases: including chest injury, chest wall diseases, pleural diseases, lung diseases, tracheal and bronchial diseases, mediastinal diseases, diaphragm diseases, esophageal diseases, etc. Chest injuries include rib fracture, pulmonary contusion, traumatic asphyxia, pulmonary blast injury, airway obstruction, traumatic hemopneumothorax, adult respiratory distress syndrome, etc.; chest wall and pleural diseases include abscess chest, pleural tumor, etc.; lung diseases include lung cancer, benign lung tumor, lung isolation disease, etc.; trachea and bronchus diseases include bronchial dilatation, tracheal tumor, etc.; mediastinal diseases include thymoma, teratoma, posterior sternum Mediastinal diseases include thymoma, teratoma, posterior sternal goiter, mediastinal cyst, pericardial cyst, etc.; esophageal and diaphragm diseases include esophageal cancer, esophageal smooth muscle tumor, esophageal diverticulum, esophageal hiatal hernia, pancreatic dystrophy, diaphragmatic hernia, diaphragm expansion, etc.