In daily life, when people experience emotions, they always think that they are caused by the events they encounter, which we call the external environment. Unbeknownst to us, in addition to the external environment, we also have an internal environment, which is how we ourselves interpret or define the external event. Have you found that our mood often tends to follow our interpretation of events fluctuations in the point of view, and our point of view are with our understanding of things good and bad, often out of line, that will affect our mood, the following for you to introduce us to the common cognitive bias, also known as dysfunctional thinking. 1, all or nothing: see things either black or white. (Perfectionist) If the grades aren’t good enough, it’s a total failure. If I can’t answer a question correctly, I’m an idiot. If I can’t get into graduate school, I’m a total failure. If I can’t get 100 points on every test, I must be no good. This raise is less than the last one, so my boss must not like me and think I’m not doing things right As an employee there is absolutely no room for error. No comprehensive success means failure. 2. Overgeneralization: making a general and negative conclusion about people or things. I will never be lucky (because uncomfortable at the meeting) I do not have the money to make friends (because few people at the meeting with its initiative to talk) I am not suitable for any social occasions, I simply do not know the skills of interacting with people 3, mind-reading syndrome: even if there is no sufficient evidence of what others are thinking, you arbitrarily assume that others are negatively to you and you do not go to the verification or the other may be he was thinking that I do not understand the focus of the program. The point. The look on his face is that he doesn’t like me. Generalization: You focus on a single negative detail and believe it to be true. (Because I was uncomfortable at the meeting.) I don’t have what it takes to make friends. Selective Inference: You focus almost exclusively on negative information and rarely notice positive information, not looking at the whole picture. Because getting a low score on a test means I suck. 5. Labeling: You give yourself or others an overall negative evaluation and jump to conclusions without regard to the actual situation. This is an extreme form of generalization. I am a failure. I am worthless. 6. Emotional Reasoning: You let your feelings dictate your interpretation of reality, and you assume that your negative emotions affirmatively respond to the facts. I feel it, therefore it must be true. Even though I’m doing a great job, I still feel like a failure. Amplifying the magnitude of a problem or devaluing a success: unreasonably exaggerating the negative/narrowing the positive when evaluating yourself, others, or an event. Getting a medium shows how inadequate I am; getting a high score doesn’t mean I’m good, just lucky. Even though I was lucky that time, it was just a fluke, and I won’t be lucky the next time. 7. Catastrophizing: You believe that something that has happened or is about to happen is so bad and unbearable that you can’t bear it without considering other possible outcomes. If my companion left me, I would not be able to live. I would be distracted, I would be completely useless. 8. Individualization: You attribute negative events more to your own faults without seeing that others are also to blame. The repairman was rude to me all because I did something wrong. 9. “Should”: You evaluate events based on how things should be, not just what they are, and overestimate the serious consequences of not doing so. If things go horribly wrong, I should try my best at all times. I should be perfect. I should be good at all times.