Infertility involves both men and women, so the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the treatment of infertility recommend that: the male partner’s sperm factor is very important, and sperm routine must be checked first. Clinically, we recommend the examination of sperm acrosome enzyme level and sperm DNA integrity (i.e. sperm DNA fragmentation rate) based on routine sperm examination for infertility over 3 years; some men with severe oligospermia also need to undergo examination of peripheral blood chromosomes, Y chromosome microdeletions, serum endocrine and other items. For women, evaluation of ovulatory function is the most important diagnostic step; if a clear menstrual disorder exists in the menstrual history, a clear diagnosis and targeted treatment is recommended as soon as possible, and additional evaluation is usually not necessary; menstruation is regular, and if serum progesterone exceeds 10ng/ml on day 7-8 after ovulation is clear objective evidence of ovulation. Cervical factors Abnormal cervical mucus production or abnormal sperm/mucus interactions are rarely the sole or primary cause of infertility. The traditional method of diagnosing cervical factor infertility involves observation of sperm count and viability by post-coital use (PCT) a short time before the expected time of ovulation. This test is currently considered to be highly subjective, poorly reproducible, and not predictive of the likelihood of conception, and therefore is not being recommended for PCT evaluation in women with infertility. Tubal examination Hysterosalpingography (HSG) uses an aqueous or fat-soluble contrast and is the traditional and standard method for evaluating tubal patency with some therapeutic benefit; HSG may document both proximal and distal tubal obstruction and may also indicate the presence of cystic atresia or peri-tubal adhesions; if the findings suggest proximal tubal obstruction, further evaluation is needed to rule out tubal/ artifacts related to transient or insertional location of the myometrium. In infertile women with anovulation who have given 3-6 menstrual cycles of successful ovulation induction therapy without pregnancy, the next step in the diagnostic evaluation should be performed. Or if a full evaluation has been performed, a change in treatment plan, such as the use of ovulation promotion + IUI or entry into an IVF assisted conception procedure, needs to be considered. Laparoscopic factors In women with symptoms or risk factors or abnormalities suggested by ultrasound of the latter in HSG and without other obvious indications of ART (e.g. severe male infertility factors), laparoscopy is the best approach to both clarify the diagnosis and to treat certain lesions microscopically.