Rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis) is a common acute or chronic inflammatory disease of connective tissue. It can have recurrent attacks and involve the heart. It is characterized clinically by wandering pain in the joints and muscles and is an allergic disease. It is one of the main manifestations of rheumatic fever, mostly starting with acute fever and joint pain. The typical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis is mild or moderate fever, wandering polyarthritis, involving mostly large joints such as knees, ankles and shoulders. The lesions are locally red, swollen, burning and painful. In some patients, several joints may develop at the same time. In atypical patients, only joint pain is present without other inflammatory manifestations, and acute inflammation usually subsides in 2-4 weeks without sequelae, but often recurs. If rheumatic activity affects the heart, myocarditis may occur and even leave heart valve lesions. 1, etiology pathology rheumatoid arthritis etiology is unknown. The common denominator in the pathology is the involvement of joints and surrounding soft tissues, including muscles, ligaments, bursae and fascia. Due to poor blood circulation, the nutrients needed by muscles or tissues cannot be delivered through blood circulation, resulting in lack of nutrition and accelerated aging and stiffness of the muscles, which can lead to muscle and vascular atrophy in severe cases, and joint disability and internal organ failure. 2.Clinical manifestations Rheumatoid arthritis is a manifestation of rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is a systemic metabolic disease caused by group A, type B hemolytic streptococcal infection, the disease often has a history of infection such as dengue at the beginning. The onset of rheumatic fever is rapid, and it is most often seen in adolescents. Rheumatoid arthritis can invade the heart and cause rheumatic heart disease with fever, subcutaneous nodules and rash. Rheumatoid arthritis has two characteristics: First, the joints are red, swollen, hot and painful, and cannot be moved. The blood sedimentation is accelerated, the anti-“0” titer is increased, and the rheumatoid factor is negative. After healing, there are few recurrences and no deformities in the joints, but some patients may have residual heart disease. (1) Joint pain. (2) Morning stiffness: stiffness of the joint in the morning or after a long period of rest, which can only be relieved or disappeared after activity. (3) Joint swelling and tenderness: This is often seen in painful joints and is a sign of synovitis or peripheral soft tissue inflammation, the extent of which varies depending on the severity of the inflammation. It can be caused by fluid accumulation in the joint cavity or synovial hypertrophy. (4) Joint deformity and dysfunction: This refers to the loss of the normal shape and limitation of the range of motion of the joint, such as inability to fully straighten the knee, ulnar deviation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the hand, and joint subluxation. These changes are associated with destruction of cartilage and bone. It is common in rheumatoid arthritis. 3. Diagnosis (1) Autoantibodies Within the scope of rheumatic diseases, autoantibodies should be used clinically in the following four categories: anti-nuclear anti-spectrum, rheumatoid factor, anti-neutrophil plasma antibody, and antiphospholipid antibody. They have a lot to offer for the diagnosis of diffuse connective tissue disease. (2) Synovial fluid examination To some extent, it reflects synovial inflammation. (3) Joint imaging X-ray examination helps in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of joint lesions. It is the most commonly used diagnostic imaging method, and other tests such as CT, MRI and synovial are also available. (4) The pathological changes seen in pathological biopsy, such as lupus tape for systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid nodules for rheumatoid arthritis, labyrinthitis for dry syndrome, and synovial lesions for arthritis due to different etiologies, all have important significance. 4.Treatment Rheumatic disease is a disease with diverse etiology and complex pathology. Clinically, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory results with a single treatment method. Should be integrated treatment, in the selection of treatment methods should grasp the combination of symptoms, prevention and treatment, medical treatment and prevention combined with other principles. (1), drug therapy The principle of treatment is early diagnosis and early and reasonable, joint drug use. Commonly used anti-rheumatic drugs are as follows: non-Zithromax anti-inflammatory drugs: these drugs can inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins and rapidly produce anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, which have a better effect on relieving pain, but can not change the course of disease. Clinically commonly used are ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, aspirin, indomethacin, etc. Slow-acting antirheumatic drugs: These drugs are mostly used for rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative spondyloarthropathies. The disease has a certain control effect but the effect is slow. Commonly used are gold combination (intramuscular or oral), penicillamine, salazosulfapyridine, chloroquine, etc. Cytotoxic drugs: These drugs produce immunosuppressive effects through different pathways. Commonly used ones are cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and leucovorin. They are often the second-line drugs for SLE, rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis, and have more and more serious side effects, but they have a great role in improving the healing of these diseases. Adrenocorticosteroids: This class of drugs are strong anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic drugs that significantly improve the healing of connective tissue diseases such as SLE, but do not cure these diseases. Their numerous side effects increase with the increase of dose and the prolongation of treatment course, so they should be carefully chosen when applied to measure their efficacy and side effects. (2) Surgical treatment includes different orthopedic surgery, artificial joint replacement, arthroscopic subsurface membrane removal, etc.. Surgery cannot cure the disease but can only improve the function of the joint and the ability to live. (3) Substitution therapy In view of the current rheumatoid arthritis, traditional medical treatment is only to relieve pain without a cure, so since the 1980s, the world’s developed countries (the United States, Japan and Europe, etc.) prevalent substitution therapy – the use of pure natural sawtooth shark (great blue shark) cartilage powder to treat a variety of arthritis, and has achieved clinical effectiveness verification. (4) Other treatments include physical, rehabilitation, vocational training, psychological and other treatments, which are indispensable parts of the comprehensive treatment of this type of disease. (5) There are various other treatments in progress, such as bone marrow transplantation, autoimmune modulation therapy, etc. These treatments are constantly being researched and developed in order to relieve the pain of rheumatoid arthritis patients and improve their lives.