There are still many misconceptions about the clinical treatment of arthritis. There are still many doctors who incorrectly classify arthritis into two categories: so-called “rheumatoid arthritis” and “rheumatoid arthritis”. In primary care hospitals and large hospitals without rheumatology departments, the “classic” treatment for arthritis is intravenous penicillin plus dexamethasone, which actually relieves the symptoms of arthritis, but doctors and patients mistakenly believe that penicillin treatment is effective. This is a treatment that we see all the time in clinical practice, but it is not beneficial for arthritis. Arthritis is defined as redness, swelling, heat and pain in the joint area and is the main clinical manifestation of rheumatic diseases. These symptoms can occur in many diseases and the prognosis and treatment of arthritis due to different diseases are different. In clinical practice, we classify arthritis into five major categories: 1. Non-erosive arthritis: including most diffuse connective tissue diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, dry syndrome, dermatomyositis/polymyositis, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, systemic vasculitis, and other systemic diseases: rheumatic fever, leukemic arthritis, hemophilic arthritis, nodular disease, endocrine-related arthritis (hyperthyroidism , hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, acromegaly, hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism) 2. Erosive arthritis: including:rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, enteritis arthritis, reactive arthritis, undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy; 3. Degenerative arthritis: mainly osteoarthritis, such as common knee and hand joint pain and cervical spondylosis in the elderly Metabolic arthritis: mainly gout; 5. Infectious arthritis: including septic arthritis and infectious arthritis such as tuberculosis and viruses. Each of these five major types of arthritis has its own characteristics and abnormalities in laboratory tests in the clinic, and the diagnosis mainly depends on the clinician’s mastery of the basic knowledge of rheumatic diseases, which triggers correct thinking, analysis and differentiation. When a doctor first sees a patient, he or she can form a preliminary diagnostic concept by thinking after taking a medical history. Subsequent physical examinations can enrich, confirm or correct the initial impression and, if necessary, perform other aspects of the examination. Often, we see patients who are not rheumatoid arthritis but are diagnosed only because they have joint pain and “positive” rheumatoid factor, or patients who are not gout but are diagnosed only because they have joint pain and high blood uric acid, all of which are examples of lack of thoughtful analysis. Sometimes it is very difficult to make early diagnosis, which requires a lot of tests, including blood tests and joint radiographs, and it is not like some patients think that it is either “rheumatism” or “rheumatoid”, as long as they are prescribed some medicine. Rheumatic diseases actually refer to a group of diseases affecting bones, joints and their surrounding soft tissues, such as muscles, bursae, tendons, fascia, nerves, etc. Rheumatic diseases can be circumscribed or systemic (almost all connective tissue diseases), or limited (such as frozen shoulder or a certain bursitis); they can be organic, mental or functional. From the modern concept of rheumatism, “rheumatoid arthritis” actually has no specific content, and it is obviously inappropriate to understand rheumatic diseases as including only rheumatic fever (including rheumatoid arthritis) and rheumatoid arthritis, which is not in line with the international common concept of rheumatic diseases, and the ICD code of the International Classification of Diseases does not have this name.