In order to improve the patient’s tolerance of surgery, reduce the risk of surgery, and promote the early recovery of physiological functions after surgery, careful preoperative preparation and postoperative care are essential, so please understand the following rules for inpatients and their families to cooperate with our work. I. Preoperative preparation Examination preparation: In order to understand the function of all organs of the body and ensure the safety of surgery and anesthesia, the following routine examinations should be done before surgery: three major routine examinations (urine and stool, blood routine), chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, liver function, blood biochemistry, blood coagulation and other routine examinations and special examinations such as B ultrasound, MRI and CT. When the examination results are normal, the doctor will schedule the surgery at a later date, with priority given to emergency surgery. Skin preparation: The day before the surgery, the patient should take a bath, get a haircut, cut finger (toe) nails in the afternoon, wash the skin of the surgical area, and change clean underwear. On the morning of the surgery, the nurse should soak or wipe the surgical site with sterile water, change the surgical gown, and infuse the intravenous puncture indwelling needle and wait for the surgery. Gastrointestinal preparation: fasting for 12 hours and water fasting for 4-6 hours before surgery (fasting after 12:00 p.m. and water fasting after 3:00 a.m. the night before surgery) to prevent anesthesia or intraoperative vomiting, aspiration pneumonia or asphyxia by mistake, and emergency surgery depending on the circumstances. Psychological preparation: Parents of older children should do a good job of comfort and encouragement to reduce their psychological pressure. Defecation training: Older children with congenital hip dislocation or hip contracture should be trained to defecate in bed to prevent postoperative urinary retention and defecation difficulties. If the patient has the following symptoms: fever, cough, coughing, sneezing, red throat, enlarged tonsils, diarrhea, etc., the anesthesiologist will cancel the operation after examination to ensure the safety of the operation. If the skin near the surgical incision and anesthesia site is infected, the surgery will be postponed until the infection is controlled. Postoperative care 1. When the child returns to the ward after surgery, he/she should first stay in the monitoring room for monitoring of vital signs and oxygenation, and then be transferred back to the hospital bed after the anesthesia is awake and the heart rate, respiration and blood pressure are stable. 2.You cannot sleep on pillows when you are not fully awake from anesthesia, you should maintain a flat position, with your shoulders padded and your head tilted back to the side to keep the airway open and prevent vomiting and asphyxia. 3, 6 hours after complete awakening, if there is no nausea, vomiting and other discomfort, you can first give a liquid diet (such as milk), reduce the amount of food appropriately, and gradually change to semi-liquid (thin rice, noodles) or ordinary diet. 4. Whether urine is defecated after surgery should be reflected to the physician in time. If a urinary catheter is left, attention should be paid to observe whether the color of urine is clear and whether there is hematuria and other conditions. Pay attention to whether there is urine leakage from the urine bag. 5.If the limb is fixed with a cast or stent, it should be padded with a soft pillow above the level of the heart to facilitate blood circulation and reduce swelling of the limb, while urine and feces should be prevented from contaminating the wound or cast. 6.Pay attention to functional exercise of joints or activities of other parts of the body after surgery to prevent stiffness of joints or pressure sores due to prolonged bed rest. 7.In order to promote wound healing, nutritious food should be eaten after surgery, such as milk, eggs, lean meat, pork liver, fish, beans, fresh vegetables and fruits, etc.