Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common clinical heart rhythm disorders, with a total prevalence of 0.6% in the general population, 2.2% in adult males and 1.7% in females, and about 10 million patients with AF in China, accounting for 1/3 of hospitalized arrhythmia patients. “Atrial fibrillation decreases the heart function and cardiac output by about 35%, which can easily induce heart failure. Atrial fibrillation can slow down the blood flow in the atria and release thrombogenic factors, which can lead to thrombosis. The incidence of atrial fibrillation is more than 5 times that of normal people and accounts for 1/5 of all stroke patients, so atrial fibrillation has more serious adverse consequences and is therefore highly valued by patients and doctors. Atrial fibrillation can be paroxysmal, occurring in seconds, minutes, hours or even days, usually not more than seven days, and can return to sinus rhythm on its own, but paroxysmal atrial fibrillation can occur frequently, and the more often it occurs, even multiple times a day, the longer each episode of atrial fibrillation will be. The other type is persistent atrial fibrillation, which can be treated with medication or electrical resuscitation to restore a normal heart rhythm during atrial fibrillation, but this cannot be cured, and atrial fibrillation will occur again, which is called atrial fibrillation recurrence. If atrial fibrillation does not stop and return to sinus rhythm by any measure, it is called permanent atrial fibrillation. The causes of atrial fibrillation are not only wind heart disease, coronary heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, or cardiomyopathy, but also many patients with no evidence of organic heart disease. The goal of atrial fibrillation treatment is to maintain cardiac function and prevent thromboembolism. In paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, when the heart rate is fast, intravenous cardioplegia 110-140mg can be used to restore sinus rhythm in most cases, and thereafter can be used to reduce the attacks by oral dosing with Ketorolone (0.2g daily) or by taking cardioplegia (150mg three times a day), but it cannot be cured. Persistent atrial fibrillation can be treated with medication or electrical resuscitation to stop the fibrillation and restore it to sinus rhythm, and with medication to help maintain it, but in the long run, most patients will have a relapse. Another treatment for persistent atrial fibrillation is the use of digoxin or/and beta-blockers to control the ventricular rate in the normal range, along with warfarin or aspirin to prevent thrombosis. Warfarin is effective but should be tested for coagulation indicators (INR) preferably around 2.0. Which is better: resetting or controlling the heart rate? There is no unanimous conclusion yet, but doctors can agree on the best way to control the heart rate and prevent thrombosis in permanent atrial fibrillation according to the patient’s specific situation. Human beings have been fighting with atrial fibrillation for nearly a century, and people have gradually realized that there are two mechanisms of atrial fibrillation, one is that there is rapid electrical excitation at a certain point of the atrial muscle (focal) that initiates atrial fibrillation, and the other is that there are multiple small pathways of repeated electrical excitation in the atria (multiple small wave foldback). Clinical studies have confirmed the correctness of both theories and further recognized that the onset and maintenance of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is mainly related to pulmonary veins, superior vena cava, and coronary sinus drive, so catheter ablation of the relevant sites can cure atrial fibrillation, while persistent and permanent atrial fibrillation also requires matrix modification of the atria to increase the ablation pathway, which can also cure atrial fibrillation. This method involves introducing a special catheter (usually 2-3 mm in diameter) through a peripheral vein into the heart (usually the connection between the atria and pulmonary veins, and the right and left atria), which are also the sites of AF, and then delivering a certain amount of energy for ablation to achieve the cure. Tens of thousands of patients around the world have been successfully treated with this method and have achieved a cure for atrial fibrillation. Catheter radiofrequency ablation has made radical AF treatment possible and is now the first line of treatment for radical clinical AF. Although there are many treatments for atrial fibrillation, such as drugs to reduce the attacks, but not a cure, while catheter radiofrequency ablation can make many patients get rid of the suffering of atrial fibrillation attacks, and also make patients no longer experience chronic atrial fibrillation long-term drug treatment and prevention of thrombosis. The success rate of radiofrequency catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is about 75-80% for a single session and more than 90% for a second session, while the success rate for persistent atrial fibrillation is about 60% for a single session and more than 80% for a second session. This new technology brings hope and good news to patients with atrial fibrillation and will surely benefit more patients.