I. Can children get diabetes? Diabetes can also occur in children. Diabetes in children is different from diabetes in adults. Adults with diabetes are mostly obese and have type 2 diabetes, while children with diabetes are mostly thin and have type 1 diabetes. But in recent years, due to the increase of obese children, the incidence of type 2 diabetes is also increasing year by year. Second, what are the manifestations of pediatric diabetes? Children’s diabetes is different from adult diabetes. 90% of children with type 1 diabetes are characterized by hyperglycemia caused by an absolute lack of insulin in the body, and the typical symptoms are drinking more, urinating more and eating more but losing weight, i.e. “three more and one less” symptoms. Some children have repeated respiratory and skin septic infections, often due to acute infections, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration and coma, and are often misdiagnosed as pneumonia, enteritis, sepsis, or meningitis. If the child is misdiagnosed and given intravenous glucose, it can lead to severe hyperglycemia and endanger life. In infants and toddlers, the symptoms of drinking and urination are not typical due to breastfeeding and diapering, and a small number of children are diagnosed with bedwetting as the first symptom. Why do children with diabetes have elevated blood sugar and what are the dangers of long-term elevated blood sugar? Insulin is secreted by the beta cells in the pancreas and is an indispensable hormone in glucose metabolism. Insufficient secretion of insulin or lack of insulin in children with diabetes leads to disorder of glucose metabolism and abnormal increase of blood glucose, and long-term hyperglycemia or poor control of blood glucose can cause damage to important organs of the body and serious complications. Why do children with diabetes need regular blood sugar monitoring? So far, mankind has not found an effective treatment to conquer diabetes, and the only thing that can be done medically is to control blood sugar. To control blood sugar, we must first know the status of blood sugar. Keeping blood sugar (fasting and postprandial) under long-term and stable control is the key to prevent or delay the occurrence and development of serious complications of diabetes. V. Which is the best way to monitor blood sugar? In the past, blood glucose had to be measured by drawing blood from a vein or tying blood from the finger several times in order to monitor blood glucose, and only the blood glucose value at that time could be known. At present, due to the development of science and technology, there is a kind of “dynamic blood glucose monitor” which is the size of “BB” machine and lightweight, and it can monitor blood glucose every 3~5 minutes without taking blood from fingers several times, and automatically record 288~480 blood glucose values every day, and automatically observe the change of blood glucose in 24 hours. It can automatically record 288~480 blood glucose values every day and automatically observe the changes of blood glucose in 24 hours. VI. How to treat pediatric diabetes? 98% of pediatric diabetes is type I diabetes, and type I diabetes is caused by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells for some reasons and the absolute lack of insulin secretion, which must be treated with insulin. Then the treatment principles of pediatric diabetes are: ① Lifelong insulin treatment; ② Lifelong diet planning; ③ Exercise; ④ Strengthening education and training; ⑤ Psychotherapy; ⑥ Long-term blood glucose monitoring. VII. Which method can effectively control high blood sugar? Children with diabetes who are not able to control their blood glucose for a long period of time with insulin injections by ordinary methods can choose to be treated with “insulin pump”. The “insulin pump” is similar to the size of the “BB” machine and does not require multiple injections. It can simulate the normal human pancreas and provide 24-hour continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, which is close to the physiological mode of insulin needs. If you wear a “dynamic blood glucose monitor” similar to the size of a “BB” machine, you can check your blood glucose at any time and adjust the amount of insulin at any time according to the changes in blood glucose to achieve rapid and stable control of blood glucose, thus reducing the risk of long-term hyperglycemia or poor blood glucose control. It can reduce the serious complications of important organs (such as heart, brain, kidney and eye) caused by long-term high blood sugar or poor blood sugar control.