Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia disease, with complications of body circulation embolism, impairment of cardiac function and ventricular rhythm/rate disturbances as its main hazards. In terms of overall treatment effect, the success rate of single ablation in minimally invasive surgery for atrial fibrillation is over 90%, and the success rate of catheter ablation can reach about 50%. If these two techniques are applied to the treatment of atrial fibrillation at the same time, the combined ablation of epicardium and endocardium and the formation of “hybrid” technique by electrophysiological specimen measurement can greatly improve the success rate of persistent and refractory atrial fibrillation. The success rate of surgery for persistent and refractory atrial fibrillation can be greatly improved if these two techniques are applied simultaneously in the treatment of atrial fibrillation. The characteristics of the simultaneous “hybrid” procedure are: (1) the surgical ablation line creates a continuous, transmural, and complete injury, which is a decisive factor in the success rate of atrial fibrillation treatment; (2) the left olecranon is removed, thus fundamentally eliminating the risk of thrombosis and embolism due to atrial fibrillation; (3) the epicardial vagal ganglion and (3) ablation of the Marshall’s ligament, which maximally eliminates the “soil” for the maintenance of atrial fibrillation; (4) electrophysiological markers from the endocardium to verify the ablation effect of all surgical ablation lines and, if necessary, to supplement some ablation leaks; (5) ablation of left atrial fracture potentials that cannot be accomplished by minimally invasive surgery, the mitral valve, tricuspid valve (5) Ablation of left atrial fracture potential, mitral valve, tricuspid valve, isthmus and border crest that cannot be done by minimally invasive surgery until sinus rhythm is restored. The minimally invasive surgical/catheter simultaneous “hybrid” technique basically completes all the currently accepted ablation and treatment measures in the field of atrial fibrillation treatment, and is therefore the treatment modality with the highest success rate at present. The author performed the first case of refractory persistent atrial fibrillation in China using the minimally invasive surgical/catheter “hybrid” ablation technique, which terminated the patient’s atrial fibrillation intraoperatively. Recently, we have applied this advanced technology to treat more than 10 patients with refractory persistent atrial fibrillation with a disease duration of 6 to 19 years, and all of them had their atrial fibrillation terminated during the operation. We have reason to believe that as more centers perform “hybrid” surgery, the future of treatment for persistent refractory AF will be brighter.