Patients are in a vegetative state for a long time, commonly known as vegetative state, which is a special type of consciousness disorder, manifested as loss of cognitive function, no conscious activity, unable to execute commands, able to open eyes automatically or under stimulation, with a sleep-wake cycle, maintaining autonomous respiration and blood pressure. There is no specific treatment method, and the main clinical treatments are hyperbaric oxygen, improvement of cerebral circulation and nerve nutrition, and electrical stimulation. The treatment effect is related to age, etiology, duration, presence of complications, etc. In general, the prognosis of patients who are young, traumatic, in a short vegetative state and without complications is relatively good. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can increase the partial pressure of blood oxygen, increase the oxygen content and blood flow in the basilar artery, which is beneficial to the repair of brainstem reticular structures and promotes wakefulness, and accelerates capillary proliferation in the area of lesion. It promotes the regeneration of neuronal axons, the growth of new lateral branches, and the establishment of new neural connections, especially the restoration of the neural connections and functions of the superior projection activation system of the reticular formation. According to domestic literature, the efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for vegetative state is 50-70%, and the rate of recovery of consciousness is 25-45%.