We were the first in China to propose the use of “high cervical spinal cord electrical stimulation for coma and wakefulness” in the treatment of patients in long-term coma. The indications for this treatment are: long-term coma caused by traumatic brain injury, ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy and cerebrovascular diseases such as cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction. After a long period of observation and treatment, good results were achieved. The report is as follows. The electrode implanted into the high cervical spinal cord is what we call “high cervical spinal cord electrostimulation for coma and wakefulness”. The patient, Ouyang XX, was fully awake, able to eat and speak, 7 months after the injury and 4 months after the electrical stimulation. All internal tubes were removed. Li xx 6 months after electrical stimulation, appeared to eat through the mouth, simple speech, but could not express the meaning. After going home speech could be communicated with family members. Five cases of ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy, currently 7 or 9 months after surgery, the patients showed some degree of emotional changes, such as crying, laughing and movement. One case of hemorrhagic brain herniation after cerebral infarction, the patient showed expression changes. The recovery of consciousness function after severe brain injury involves the reintegration of wake-promoting mechanisms and integrated brain functions. Here, a circular mechanism involving the frontal lobe of the brain, the striatum and the central thalamus is involved. Among them, the central thalamus plays an important role as a contact center. Activation of the central thalamus promotes increased cerebral blood flow, and extensive activation of the anterior cingulate gyrus and the pons and midbrain. Cell death occurs in thalamic-specific nuclei in severe traumatic brain injury, particularly in the inner and peripheral nuclei of the plate, and also indicates the fragile susceptibility of the central thalamic nuclei to severe brain injury. In the British journal Nature 2007 Schiff ND et al. published. Behavioral improvements with thalamic stimulation after severe traumatic brain injury.Nature 2007; 448:600C603. The article mentions a 38-year-old male patient who had been in a coma for 6 years due to a closed craniocerebral injury. For 6 years, he had not made any meaningful movements of his limbs and showed only occasional signs of sentience. A team of researchers led by Dr. Nicholas Schiff of Weill Cornell Medical College in New York City implanted several electrodes in the man’s brain, turning them on and off to perform a form of deep brain stimulation, a method often used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. After six months of treatment, he was able to speak in a short but audible voice. Joseph Giacino of the Johnson Rehabilitation Institute in New Jersey described the patient as not initiating conversation but being able to answer questions from others, usually with one to three words. Some of the man’s motor function was also restored at the same time. He regained the ability to chew and swallow, which allowed him to get his nutrition through spoon feedings, freeing him from a long dependence on tube feedings. Schiff said he can make gestures like brushing his teeth, but he can’t really do them yet. Rehabilitation is also important in the process of wake-promoting treatment. Above: Electrodes are implanted into the brain to promote wakefulness. This is what we call “pacemaker coma facilitation”.