At present, cancer has become the main killer that threatens the life and health of Chinese residents, with 2 million new cancer cases and 1.4 million deaths due to cancer in China every year; one out of every five deaths of Chinese residents is due to cancer; in many big cities in China, malignant tumors have surpassed cardiovascular diseases as the first cause of death. In recent years, cancer deaths account for about 22.32% of the total deaths of urban and rural residents in China, and the mortality rate of cancer has increased by 83.1% compared with the mid-1970s and 22.5% compared with the early 1990s; among them, lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer together account for more than 80% of the causes of cancer deaths. Compared with the rampant incidence of cancer, less than 10% of patients are treated early, which often means higher treatment costs, more painful treatment processes and unsatisfactory treatment results. What is more frightening is that the age of cancer incidence has advanced by 15-20 years, and the rate of incidence among 35-55 year olds tends to increase, while lung cancer used to be the “patent” of people over 40 years old, but now it appears at 25 years old, and breast cancer has advanced to 20 years old. According to the report of the Third National Survey on the Causes of Death of the Population by the Ministry of Health, the mortality rate and its composition of lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and other cancers related to the environment and lifestyle are on the rise, among which lung cancer and breast cancer have increased the most, by 465% and 96% respectively in the past 30 years; in addition, the incidence rate of cervical cancer, which was not originally ranked by modern lifestyle, has increased significantly in the past four to five years. In addition, the incidence rate of cervical cancer, which was not ranked by modern lifestyle, has increased significantly in the past four to five years and has been squeezed into the top 12. Unfortunately, public awareness of early cancer prevention and treatment is still insufficient, less than 10% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage, and the treatment is costly and ineffective, which is a serious waste of resources; patients still panic in the face of cancer, and there is a certain amount of psychological panic. Prevention is very important. According to the concept of preventive medicine, the prevention of cancer is divided into three levels: First level prevention: it is to reduce or eliminate the carcinogenic effect of various carcinogenic factors on human body and reduce the incidence rate. It can be understood as the active prevention of disease from the perspective of disease occurrence, which is also called etiological prevention. We can take the following measures: 1.Participate in physical exercise and control body weight; 2.Work and rest reasonably to maintain vigorous energy, so as to improve the body’s immune function and resistance to disease; 3.Get out of depression as soon as possible; 4.Pay attention to diet and water hygiene to prevent cancer from entering by mouth; do not eat moldy, rotten or burnt food, as well as smoked, baked, pickled or soaked food, and do not drink water that has been stored for a long time. 5.No smoking, no alcoholism, scientific diet, more fresh vegetables, fruits and nutritious foods, and good hygiene habits; 6.At the same time, ensure the air quality of small environment (work environment, second-hand smoke, oil smoke, etc.) and large environment (living environment), avoid or reduce air pollution as much as possible, which can prevent physical, chemical, parasitic and viral carcinogenic factors from attacking human body and prevent cancer from the first step. prevent the occurrence of cancer. Secondary prevention: It is to reduce the death of cancer patients by using the effective means of early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. It can be understood that even if a tumor appears, it should be detected and treated as early as possible. How to detect tumor as early as possible is a problem that the whole society is concerned about. The common methods are: 1.Health education: With basic health knowledge, you can self-manage your health, and you can also detect abnormalities at the first time. 2, regular routine physical examination: such as blood routine, urine routine, stool routine, if abnormal or can reflect a lot of problems earlier. 3.Targeted physical examination for high-risk groups: such as low-dose high-resolution CT and bronchoscopy can detect early lung cancer; B-ultrasound and methotrexate can detect liver cancer; routine vaginal cytology examination can detect cervical cancer at an early stage; esophageal screening and fiberoptic esophagoscopy can detect esophageal cancer at an early stage. And we often emphasize gastroscopy and colonoscopy for stomach cancer and colorectal cancer respectively. 4.After cancer is found, it is better to go to a specialized oncology hospital for diagnosis and treatment, establish confidence in overcoming cancer and actively cooperate with treatment, many cancers can be cured, especially in early stage. Tertiary prevention: clinical prevention and rehabilitative prevention: the goal is to prevent the deterioration of the disease, prevent disability, adopt multidisciplinary comprehensive diagnosis and treatment, correctly select reasonable treatment plan, provide radical treatment for patients who can be cured, so as to achieve the purpose of cure; provide palliative treatment and terminal treatment for patients who can no longer be cured, so as to eliminate pain, restore physical strength, prolong survival time and improve the quality of life; in treating cancer, seek to prevent cancer recurrence and metastasis, and prevent complications and sequelae. This point can be understood as: standardized, rational and individualized treatment. All oncology specialty hospitals have the advantage of comprehensive treatment and have different treatment methods for different tumor diseases, including surgical removal of tumor, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy and integrated treatment. The role of publicity and education The incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer in the United States has been decreasing year by year, and the publicity and education is credited. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. has reduced the number of new colon cancer cases by 66,000 and deaths by 32,000 from 2003-2007. Screening rates increased among the reasons for the reduction in mortality: contributing about 50 percentage points. Reduction in risk factors: such as smoking and obesity contributed 35 percentage points. Improvements in treatment: contributed 12 percentage points. This shows that the decrease in morbidity and mortality is largely due to proper screening and education. Therefore, by paying attention to study and mastering the basic knowledge of tumor prevention and treatment, we can all catch the signs and symptoms of certain cancers as early as possible, so as to seek timely diagnosis and assist doctors to achieve timely diagnosis and treatment, thus achieving the purpose of curing cancer or prolonging life. We welcome you to share your experiences or insights.