Pneumonia may be caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms, and treatment is mainly based on medication, maintenance of respiratory function, and good care during the disease. The pathogens that cause pneumonia are complex and variable, so it is important to pay attention to testing for the pathogens that cause pneumonia during treatment. This generally includes sputum culture, blood culture, and other testing methods. These methods facilitate the identification of the pathogen and allow for more targeted drug selection. Generally speaking, pneumonia caused by bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics, pneumonia caused by viral infections are not uncommon and are treated with antiviral drugs, antipyretic drugs, and some specific pathogens, such as mycoplasma and chlamydia pneumonia may require specialized medications. Some combined problems such as cough, wheezing and fever during pneumonia also require aggressive administration of symptomatic medications. The lungs are an important respiratory organ of the body, controlling the body’s oxygen supply and carbon dioxide excretion, and their physiological function is extremely important. Due to the onset of pneumonia disease, the body can be damaged by an increase in respiratory phlegm and a decrease in breathing area for various reasons. Therefore, during an attack of the disease, it is necessary not only to treat the disease with medication, but also to discharge phlegm using various methods such as postural drainage and nebulized inhalation to keep the respiratory tract as open as possible. During pneumonia, a state of hypoxia occurs, and oxygen inhalation is still administered to provide an adequate supply of oxygen. During the treatment of pneumonia, nursing care should not be neglected, and it is important to have foods that are easy to accept and nutritious for the child during this period. During fever, the child’s temperature needs to be constantly checked and various forms of antipyretic treatment are given. The child needs a quiet environment to rest, and the room should be kept quiet, with appropriate temperature and humidity. Treatment during pneumonia requires endless attention from both the patient and the doctor. The combined efforts of everyone can help the child recover as quickly as possible and help the child thrive.