The complexity of the treatment process of neonatal pneumonia is related to the condition of the child, especially in cases of prematurity, low birth weight, and congenital heart disease. Neonatal pneumonia refers to the inflammatory pathological changes in the lungs of newborns caused by inhalation of foreign bodies such as fetal feces and amniotic fluid during intrauterine or labor and delivery, or by infection with pathogens such as bacteria or viruses before or after birth, which is a common disease in the neonatal period and an important cause of neonatal death. Pneumonia in full-term neonates generally has a relatively good prognosis, but some low birth weight infants, neonates with combined congenital heart disease or complication of septic pneumothorax, heart failure and respiratory failure have a complicated treatment process that requires comprehensive treatment such as oxygen, ventilator-assisted ventilation, antibiotics such as piperacillin to fight infection, rehydration, nutritional support, etc., with a longer course of the disease, and often with a higher degree of uncertainty about the prognosis. Therefore, after the diagnosis of neonatal pneumonia, targeted treatment should be carried out under the guidance of professional neonatologists, and the specific conditions of the child can be consulted with the child’s bedside doctor.