It can be argued that any surgery has risks, either large or small, related to the nature of the procedure and the individual differences of the patient. The fact that artificial total knee arthroplasty is technically mature and relatively risk-free does not mean that there is no risk of complications and comorbidities. For example, infection, which refers to the multiplication and growth of bacteria in the knee joint, produces periprosthetic infection in the knee joint. The risk of such complications has gradually decreased with the rational use of antibiotics, advances in the aseptic conditions and sterile operation in the operating room, and advances in consultation and treatment techniques, and can now be controlled to less than 1%. Then there are complications of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in the lower extremity, which refers to the risk of postoperative intra-leg venous reflux problems forming thrombus and the dislodgement of the embolus can cause pulmonary embolism, but the incidence has been extremely low with the marketing of special prophylactic drugs such as rivaroxaban and the use of minimally invasive techniques and rapid rehabilitation techniques, which allow the lower extremity to obtain early rehabilitation for walking on the ground. In addition, with advances in prosthesis design, processing and manufacturing and technology, the risk of prosthesis loosening is becoming lower. In conclusion, artificial total knee arthroplasty yields an excellent risk-benefit ratio compared to the good results obtained after surgery.