Coughs are common in pediatrics and can be seen in a variety of illnesses in infants and children. Parents can tell what may be wrong with their child based on the sound and characteristics of the cough, as well as the accompanying symptoms. If your child coughs with a cracking or barking sound, accompanied by hoarseness and a whistling, honking or cocking sound in the throat when inhaling, and it gets progressively worse, be alert to the possibility that this may be a sign of laryngitis. If the cough is accompanied by wheezing in the throat, shortness of breath, painful expression, and irritability, especially if the cough is violent at night and wakes you up and makes it difficult to sleep, think about whether your child has asthma. If the cough is accompanied by a runny nose and fever, and a child in the nursery or kindergarten peer has similar symptoms, you should think of a viral upper respiratory tract infection of some infectious disease, or sometimes it may be a precursor symptom of some respiratory infectious disease, which should be promptly ruled out by a doctor. If a child coughs more strongly at night than during the day, mostly with a dry cough with little sputum, without fever, and the onset will mostly be in the same season, with ineffective antibiotic treatment, often accompanied by eczema, allergic rhinitis and other allergies, then this cough may be an allergic cough. If the child has a cough accompanied by fever, poor spirits, decreased appetite, and shortness of breath, nasal agitation and blue lips, then the child should be considered to have pneumonia. If a child has a dry cough, low fever in the afternoon, night sweats, poor appetite, progressive weight loss or weight gain, and enlarged and adherent superficial lymph nodes, think about whether the child has tuberculosis. If a child suddenly chokes and coughs while playing or eating, has difficulty breathing, and has blue lips, beware if a foreign body is accidentally introduced into the trachea. If your child has a violent cough, which is light in the morning and heavy in the evening, and continues to cough for more than a dozen times, and if he or she is red in the face and ears, suffocating, and unable to breathe when coughing violently, and finally has an inspiratory chicken-crow-like coda in his or her throat, you should be careful if your child has whooping cough. If your child has a prolonged cough, sometimes with thick sputum, frequent hemoptysis or blood in the sputum, repeated attacks, or even frequent pneumonia in the same area, you should think about whether your child has bronchiectasis. The above symptoms and characteristics of the disease are for parents’ reference only, and you should take your child to the hospital in time for similar cases.