Indications, contraindications, and complications of ventricular septal defect occlusion

  There are two types of ventricular defect occlusion: minimally invasive method of occlusion and interventional method of occlusion, with the indications for the interventional method as described above. Unlike the minimally invasive method, its advantages are: (1) it is not restricted by age and can also be used in children younger than 3 years old; (2) it operates under ultrasound guidance and is not damaged by X-rays; (3) the process of passing through the ventricular defect is easy without establishing an arteriovenous track; (4) the seating process of the occluder is operated perpendicular to the ventricular septum, and the seating of the occluder is more accurate; (5) there is no possibility of entanglement of the guidewire and damage to the tendon cord; (6) the indications for ventricular defect (6) wider indications for ventricular defects. Disadvantage: there is a small incision of 2~3 cm in the chest.  Indications for minimally invasive occlusion: (1) preferably older than 6 months (if the condition allows); (2) in the presence of a membranous aneurysm, the ventricular defect exit diameter ≤ 10 mm; (3) without a membranous aneurysm, if the distance from the ventricular defect to the right coronary valve of the aorta is > 1 mm, the ventricular defect with a left ventricular surface diameter ≤ 12 mm can be occluded; if the distance from the ventricular defect to the right coronary valve of the aorta is ≤ 1 mm, it is appropriate to occlude the ventricular defect with a left ventricular surface diameter < 10 mm (4) Left-to-right shunt. (5) Pulmonary artery systolic pressure should preferably be ≤ 70 mm Hg. Contraindications: 1) Ventricular defect with a tendency to close naturally; 2) Severe pulmonary hypertension with cyanosis due to right-to-left shunt; 3) Aortic valve prolapse or more obvious aortic regurgitation; 4) Other cardiac malformations requiring correction under extracorporeal circulation.  Complications: including blocker dislodgement and displacement, atrioventricular block, thromboembolism, aortic valve injury, tricuspid valve injury, hemolysis, infective endocarditis, etc.  The prognosis of ventricular septal defect treatment in regular hospitals is good, and minimally invasive treatment has a fast prognosis for patients with little trauma, and is also increasingly being used in clinical practice. If parents of patients have questions about various aspects of the blocking procedure for ventricular septal defect treatment, they can choose to consult with me by phone for one-on-one communication, and I will make sure to talk to you as soon as possible on the same day.