Factors causing pain.
1. somatic sources: cancer and non-cancer diseases.
2. side effects caused by treatment.
3. anger: lack of attention from friends, unclear diagnosis.
4. apprehension: family concerns, mental disturbance.
5. depression: fear of pain; family burden; unemployment, insomnia; chronic fatigue; possible ineffectiveness of treatment, etc.
Pain assessment.
1.The following chart can help you to say how much pain you have now
2. Pain manifestations: cutting pain, burning pain, cramping pain, radiating pain, stabbing pain, shooting pain, etc.
Treatment methods and precautions for pain.
1, pain treatment methods have two types of drug treatment and non-drug treatment. Among them, pharmacological treatment is the most basic and the most important.
2. Non-pharmacological treatments include: hot or cold compresses, rest, meditation, massage, listening to comfortable music, and breathing and relaxation exercises.
3. Psychotherapy is also an important method of non-pharmacological treatment for cancer pain, which includes psycho-emotional support, cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, suggestion, hypnotherapy, etc. Note: The above methods of pain treatment are auxiliary means of drug treatment and cannot replace drug treatment.
4. The use of pain medications has the following know-how.
(1) Take the medication orally.
(2) The medication should be administered according to the prescribed time.
(3) The amount of medication needs to be directed by a doctor.
(4) Pay close attention to the reaction to the medication.
(5) Take the medication in a stepwise manner.
As long as you follow the above tips for medication analgesia treatment, medication analgesia is not only effective but also has few side effects.
What is stepwise dosing?
If you have mild pain, your doctor will give you a weak analgesic, and if the pain gets worse, your doctor may give you a strong analgesic.
1. mild pain: non-opioids + adjuvants.
2. moderate pain: weak opioid + non-opioid + adjuvant medication
3.Severe pain: strong opioids + non-opioids + adjuvant drugs.
4.The classification of painkillers is shown in the above chart
Knowledge of opioid medication
Understanding the knowledge of opioid medication – Opioids are recognized worldwide for the treatment of chronic severe or moderately severe cancer pain with good analgesic effect.
1. opioids are recognized worldwide for the treatment of chronic severe or moderately severe cancer pain, with good analgesic effect.
2. If a patient needs long-term analgesic treatment, taking opioids is a good choice because of their good analgesic effect and few side effects.
Advantages of opioids.
1.Morphine is recognized as the gold standard for the treatment of cancer pain.
2. significant analgesic efficacy.
3.It can also be used for various diseases .
When to take opioids.
1. Mescaline tablets and OxyContin tablets should be administered at prescribed intervals (e.g. every 12 hours).
2.This can ensure continuous pain relief and avoid unnecessary adverse reactions caused by increasing the dosage of the drug to control pain.
Common adverse reactions to opioid analgesics.
1, constipation: appear in the early stage of opioid drugs and persist in the whole process of analgesic treatment, please, under the guidance of the nurse, consume more fiber diet, drink an appropriate amount of water and increase the amount of activity, develop good bowel habits, and use less drugs that cause constipation.
2, nausea and vomiting: often associated with constipation, the incidence is 30%, mostly relieved within 4-7 days, we will give symptomatic treatment according to individual circumstances if necessary.
3, drowsiness: a few patients may show signs in the first few days, disappear on their own after a few days, in a few cases may continue to worsen, we will closely monitor and timely symptomatic treatment.
4, addiction: after repeated use of drugs, the efficacy decreases and the duration of action is shortened, at this time, it is necessary to gradually increase the dose or shorten the duration of administration to maintain its therapeutic effect, which is a normal pharmacological phenomenon and does not affect the continued use of drugs.
5, urinary retention: the incidence is less than 5%, if the incidence is up to 20% in patients who are also sedated, and up to 30% in patients after lumbar anesthesia, we recommend trying to avoid simultaneous use of sedation and overfilling of the bladder. If it occurs, it is recommended that hot water be used to flush the perineum to induce urination and to continue acupuncture treatment with the physician.
6. drug overdose and intoxication: often manifested as reduced respiration <8 breaths/min, lethargy-like or coma, apnea, deep coma, etc.
7, vertigo: the incidence of 6%, mild vertigo in a few days after the self-remission, the elderly, frail, anemic patients are prone to occur. Please cooperate with the doctor for acupuncture treatment if necessary.
8. Pruritus: the incidence is less than 1%, commonly found in elderly patients with atrophied sebaceous glands, dry skin, jaundice, and diabetic patients. Please pay attention to skin care for you and your family, you can use moisturizing lotion or petroleum jelly to keep the skin moist, do not scratch with your hands, choose loose cotton products for the texture of underwear, and your doctor will give medication if necessary.
Adverse reactions should be done.
1, if there is any discomfort, please inform the doctor, we will give timely symptomatic treatment.
2, adverse reactions to opioids are related to a variety of factors, such as individual differences, age factors, liver and kidney function, drug dose, drug interactions, etc., and opioids are not related to the type and route of administration.
3, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting and other adverse reactions will mostly disappear on their own after a few days of use, please follow the doctor’s advice to adhere to the use.
4, focus on prevention.
(1) It is recommended to start with small doses, and nurses and doctors will strictly regulate the method of dose titration.
(2) We will reasonably apply symptomatic drugs, such as laxatives, etc.
Situations requiring timely contact with a physician.
1.When any problem occurs during the process of taking or administering medication
2. when new pain appears, when the pain changes, or when existing medications do not relieve the pain
3. nausea and vomiting that result in inability to eat for a whole day
4. has not had a bowel movement for 3 days
5, the appearance of easy to fall asleep and difficult to wake up, mental confusion appears.