EBV, also known as human herpesvirus type IV, is mainly transmitted through close oropharyngeal contact, such as through mouth-to-mouth feeding or saliva during kissing, without paying attention to cleanliness and hygiene. Most people with normal immune function can get better after infection with EBV, while those with impaired immune function are more ill and can have recurrent attacks, which are more serious in some patients. Some patients who are infected with EBV have a mild infection, often manifesting clinically as fever, malaise, pharyngitis, lymphadenitis, etc., and generally do not require additional treatment. A small percentage of patients with EBV infection present with a severe hemophagocytic syndrome, manifesting as confusion, fever, hepatic necrosis, and splenic necrosis, with a very poor prognosis, with approximately 50% of patients dying. In addition, EBV infection may be associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt’s lymphoma, and the prognosis for patients is not good. EBV not only has a high rate of infection, but once infected, it can be carried for life. Therefore, if you are infected with EBV, you should actively self-protect and isolate yourself and try to avoid close oropharyngeal contact with others. Early and aggressive diagnosis and treatment can easily lead to a better recovery and prognosis.