With the popularity of health checkups, the detection rate of cystic disorders of the pancreas has increased significantly. According to the nature of the pathology, cystic diseases of the pancreas are divided into three types: true cysts, pseudocysts and cystic tumors of the pancreas. True cysts are mostly congenital and can be combined with liver cysts and kidney cysts, and asymptomatic cases generally do not require special treatment. Pseudocysts are common complications after acute pancreatitis and abdominal trauma, and may require surgery in some patients in cases of difficult absorption. Cystic tumors are rare tumors of the pancreas and there are many types with different biological behavior, prognosis and treatment. Some of them are malignant or low-grade malignant tumors that are treated well with timely surgery and often have surprising survival and quality of life even when they are considered to be advanced. Therefore, it is extremely important to accurately identify the pathological nature of cystic disorders of the pancreas, as it would be disastrous if malignant cysts or potentially malignant cystic lesions were observed or drained as benign cysts, and certainly overtreatment of benign disease would be wrong.