Refractory psychiatric disorders are characterized by poor drug efficacy or refusal to take medication; even with medication, there are still behaviors such as sensitivity, hallucinations and delusions, inactivity, injury, and destruction. Psychosurgery – a ray of hope for the cure of refractory mental illnesses. Recent imaging, electrophysiological and anatomical studies have found that there is a one-to-one correspondence between various abnormal mental behaviors and the neural nuclei in the brain; stimulating or interfering with different neural nuclei will effectively control their symptoms, which is also the basis of modern psychosurgery. The nuclei in the limbic system of the human brain govern a person’s behavior and control his or her emotions. “Minimally invasive surgery is about pinpointing abnormal neural clusters and using instruments for neuromodulation, thus clinically curing such disorders. Why is neuromodulation surgery the most precise and minimally invasive surgery? Before surgery, psychiatrists need to understand the patient’s behavioral and symptomatic manifestations in detail and summarize them to the surgical specialist, who needs to fuse and locate the CT/MRI/DTI of the patient’s head to precisely locate the nerve clusters that need to be modulated and avoid the danger zone with an error of only 0.01 mm. During the general anesthesia surgery, an 8 mm locking hole needs to be drilled in the skull and a 2 mm electrode needs to be implanted to complete the operation, causing minimal damage to the surrounding brain tissue. The efficiency of this surgery cannot be achieved without the close collaboration of a multidisciplinary medical team, such as the participation of specialists in functional neurology, psychiatry, imaging, anesthesiology, ICU, etc.; the patient’s recovery is also guided by long-term follow-up visits by psychiatrists throughout. Which patients are suitable for psychosurgery? Experts agree that patients need to be 18 years of age or older; have been ill for more than 3 years; and are refractory psychiatric patients who have had poor results with multiple medications and recurrent episodes. Such disorders include: schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, mania, epileptic psychotic disorder, substance-dependent psychotic disorder, etc. Experts remind that the treatment of refractory psychiatric disorders is very complicated, and the patient’s family should be fully aware of this and choose surgical treatment carefully.