Modern lifestyle changes are not only increasing the incidence of serious systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and heart disease, but are also gradually affecting people’s visual health. The fine division of labor in life and work has caused many of us to shift our work outdoors to indoor work, while the pressure on students to go on to higher education is increasing year by year, computer and television have become the main form of entertainment for most people, and the reduction of urban green space has also caused a significant reduction in outdoor exercise time, resulting in an increasing incidence of myopia. Studies have shown that high myopia has a higher probability of glaucoma, cataract and retinal detachment than normal eyes. However, a considerable number of highly myopic patients, especially those with myopia greater than 1000 degrees, have no very clear abnormal changes found in various routine eye examinations, but they are unable to obtain good corrected vision, why is this? With the advent of a new generation of examination instruments, ophthalmologists are gradually unraveling this mystery. In the past few years, a new type of examination technique called optical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged in ophthalmology clinics, which uses a laser to scan the retina and obtain cellular-level images of the retina, thus revealing the reason for the loss of vision in high myopia, which is the presence of various “fissures” in the retina of high myopia. The “fissures” in the retina are The retina covers the inner surface of the back half of the eye and is shaped more like a “bowl”. The central part of the retina is called the macula, which is the anatomical part of the retina that forms acute vision and color vision, and is crucial to the formation of vision. Once this part of the retina is “cracked”, even a very small lesion can significantly affect vision. In the OCT examination of macular fissures in high myopia, we found that the lesions in this part of the retina at the “bottom of the bowl” of the posterior pole are mainly in the following forms: First, there is a macular fissure, which is a hole in the retina of the macula, running through the whole layer of the retina. The macular fissure can occur very suddenly or slowly, but there is usually a rapid loss of vision and distortion of the object, and the patient usually has a clear complaint, such as “seeing a straight line with a curve”, “a pole bends in the middle”, etc. The patient usually has clear complaints, such as “seeing a straight line with a bend”, “a pole with a bent section in the middle”, and so on. If vitreous fluid enters the subretina through the retinal fissure, a retinal detachment will be formed and vision will drop dramatically to the point where only human shadows can be seen, or even the presence of light can be distinguished. Another change in the macula of high myopia that is attracting more and more attention from ophthalmologists is the macular splitting of high myopia. Clefting, as the name implies, is a “split” between the anatomical layers of the retina. This split does not extend across the entire retina, but is a split along one of the retinal layers. Macular cleavage occurs slowly, and patients can have years of slow vision loss that is rarely noticed. In clinical examinations, because the lesions are extremely subtle, they are often difficult for ophthalmologists to observe, and the presence of macular clefting can only be detected during an OCT scan. So how do macular fissures and macular clefts actually form in highly myopic eyes? Undoubtedly, the increasing degree and length of the eye in highly myopic eyes is the culprit, and the root cause is that the retina lengthens at a rate that cannot keep up with the lengthening of the outer shell of the eye. The retina is a nerve tissue that is basically in a “stable” state in adulthood, and although it has a certain degree of softness and extensibility, it is limited, while the choroid, the outer tissue that is closely attached to it, is a layer of vascular tissue, and the sclera, the outer shell of the choroid, is also in the process of continuous extension and thinning, thus creating a retina within the eye The “relative insufficiency” of the retinal tissue in the eye. In highly myopic eyes, the relatively deficient retina is fighting against the ever-expanding spherical wall, and there are only three results of this fight: retinal fissures, retinal detachment or retinal splitting, and these pathological changes mainly occur in the macular region of highly myopic eyes and seriously affect vision. Understanding the causes of retinal tears in highly myopic eyes, and analyzing the anatomical characteristics of the retina, the solution is to make the retina “softer”. After analyzing the structural characteristics of the retina at various levels, we found that the “inner boundary membrane” at the innermost level of the retina is not responsible for the transmission of retinal bioelectric signals, but its surface is often the main attachment site of the retinal surface proliferation tissue. If this tissue membrane is peeled off, can the purpose of loosening the retina be achieved? The actual surgical procedure is several times more delicate than embroidery. Under the operating microscope with dozens of times magnification, the surgeon uses special instruments and vitreous surgery to remove a layer of transparent tissue from the inner surface of the macula of highly myopic eyes together with its surface hyperplastic tissue, which is a layer of membrane thinner than the diameter of a single cell. The operation requires not only a high degree of mental concentration but also great patience and good judgment. The results of the procedure are very satisfactory. The patient’s intraocular filling with gas or silicone oil after surgery, and the patient’s prone position for a period of time, and the gradual repositioning of the retinal tissues under the pressure of these filling substances, as verified not only by OCT examinations, but also by the patient’s ability to regain considerable visual acuity, indicate that a significant proportion of highly myopic macular retinopathy can be resolved by surgery to release the retina. This has been verified not only theoretically but also in practice. The success of the surgery has not only brought light back to the patients, but also gave the ophthalmologists more confidence to overcome the problem of high myopia.