What are the methods of catheterization for spinal cord injury

Urinary incontinence occurs in almost all cases in the early stages due to spinal shock caused by spinal cord trauma. Retardation of the bladder forcing muscles, loss of reflexes and atresia of the urethral sphincter are responsible for the formation of urinary incontinence. Drainage of urine from a bladder in a state of complete urinary incontinence must be governed by the following five principles: (1) Not to over-distend the bladder in a state of paralysis. That is, no urine and not nervous bladder urine can be retained to 1000-2000ml, so the bladder wall is over-expanded, so that the bladder wall of the urethral muscle fibers and nerves within the wall is damaged, paralyzed state of the bladder recovery will also be left behind after dysfunction. (2) Voiding training should be started at an early stage. A certain degree of periodic stimulation is meaningful for the recovery of bladder skills, i.e., 500-600ml of urine stored in the bladder is appropriate. (3) Prevent urinary tract infection. Because of the low defense function of the urinary tract mucosa against infection in the state of nerve paralysis. (4) Avoid mechanical injury to the urinary mucosa and skin in the paralyzed area. (5) Remove the catheter as soon as possible. 1, spinal cord injury early urinary closure state catheterization method (male) (1) intermittent catheterization method: to routine disinfection, insert the catheter catheterization, bladder emptying bladder injected with a small amount of antibiotics, such as urine turbidity is obvious when the bladder flushing. Weekly alarm routine, urine culture examination. The catheterization time is 9:00 a.m., 1 time/d, plus 4:00 p.m., 2 times/d, plus 10:00 p.m., 3 times/d. After the state of urinary closure improves, use knocking and hand pressure to assist urination and urinary training. (2) Continuous indwelling urinary catheterization method: disinfection method is the same as before, before inserting the catheter urethra filled with discreet povidone-iodine jelly in order to reduce the stimulation of the catheter on the urethral mucosa, with a slightly thinner catheter or gas catheter indwelling. The penis is lifted up and fixed on the abdominal wall, connected to a sterile urine collection bag and sealed, the urine bag is changed once a day, and the catheter is changed once a week. (3) Transdermal cystostomy. (4) Open indwelling catheter method.2. Bladder training and management during recovery from spinal cord injuryThe difference between the intravesical pressure and the intraurethral pressure can create voiding. Means to increase intravesical pressure: (1) Clamping the indwelling catheter and opening it at regular intervals. (2) Bladder autonomic medication to increase bladder detrusor contraction. (3) Apply abdominal pressure: the therapist assists in percussion and massage of the bladder area. Patients with good upper extremity function can massage the bladder area themselves.