Deaths of patients with spinal cord injuries can be categorized into two groups: early and late. Early death occurs within 1-2 weeks after injury, mostly in cervical cord injury, and the cause of death is persistent hyperthermia, hypothermia, respiratory failure or heart failure. Late death occurs months or years later, mostly caused by decubitus ulcers, urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, nutritional failure, etc. Late death can occur in cervical and thoracolumbar medullary injuries. Early and late deaths do not have a certain boundary, the vast majority of spinal cord injury patients die from complications. However, if we can give prevention and treatment, and can give good rehabilitation treatment, the patient can survive for a long time, and can sit, stand, walk, and even participate in the work, so it can be seen that the prevention and treatment of complications of the importance of. 1, respiratory failure and respiratory infection This is a serious complication of cervical spinal cord injury, the human body has thoracic respiration and abdominal respiration of two groups of muscles, thoracic respiration by the intercostal nerve innervation of intercostal muscle management, and abdominal respiration from the diaphragm contraction. The phrenic nerve consists of cervical 3, 4, and 5, with cervical 4 being the main component. After cervical spinal cord injury, the intercostal muscles are completely paralyzed, so the survival of the injured person depends largely on whether abdominal breathing survives. Injuries to cervical 1 and 2 often result in the death of the injured person at the scene. Injuries to necks 3 and 4 also often result in death from respiratory failure at an early age because of the effect on the phrenic nerve center. Even injuries below cervical 4-5 can produce respiratory dysfunction due to the spread of post-injury spinal cord edema, which affects the center, and only lower cervical spine injuries can preserve abdominal breathing. Due to the lack of respiratory muscle strength. Breathing is very laborious, so that the resistance of the respiratory tract increases accordingly, the respiratory secretions are not easy to discharge, prone to produce fallout pneumonia, generally within a week can occur respiratory infections, smokers are more in advance of the occurrence of the result is that the injured person due to respiratory infections are difficult to control or sputum blockage of the trachea due to asphyxiation and death. In the 1950s, the mortality rate for cervical spinal cord injuries was almost 100%, and with advances in the understanding of respiratory physiology and innovations in ventilators, survival rates have gradually improved. Tracheotomy can reduce the respiratory dead space, timely exhalation of respiratory secretions, the installation of ventilators for assisted respiration, but also through the trachea to give medication; however, tracheotomy for the care of the composition of a great deal of difficulty, therefore, when to make tracheotomy the most opportune has not yet been decided, it is generally believed that the following patients should be made tracheotomy: (1) upper cervical spine injuries: (2) the emergence of respiratory failure: (3) respiratory tract infections sputum (3) Respiratory tract infections with sputum that cannot be easily coughed up: (4) Suffocation. Selection of appropriate antibiotics and regular turning and back patting can help control lung infection. Decubitus ulcer and its treatment: Decubitus ulcer is a common complication in paraplegic patients, and the most common parts are sacral vertebrae, spinal spine, scapulae, greater trochanter, heel, fibular head, etc. In severe cases, decubitus ulcer can reach as deep as the head of fibula. Severe bedsores can be deep to the bone, causing osteomyelitis, larger area, deeper necrosis of bedsores, can make the patient lose a lot of protein, resulting in malnutrition, anemia, hypoproteinemia, but also secondary infection caused by high fever. 3, spinal cord injury patients with defecation disorders When the spinal cord is damaged and paraplegia occurs, the external anal sphincter of casual control and rectal defecation reflexes have disappeared, intestinal peristalsis is slowed down, rectal smooth muscle relaxation, so feces are retained for a long time because of the absorption of water into the fecal matter, known as constipation; if there is diarrhea, then it is manifested as fecal incontinence. Constipation is most common in paraplegic patients. When constipation, due to the absorption of toxins, patients may have abdominal distension, loss of appetite, loss of digestive function and other symptoms. 4.Spasticity: spasticity is caused by the loss of central command at the transport end of the injured spinal cord, while the connection between the anterior horn cerebellum and the muscles remains intact. The reflex arc below the injury plane is highly excited, and the basic reflexes of the spinal cord (including the detachment reflex, the flexor reflex, the blood pressure reflex, the bladder reflex, the bowel reflex, and the penile erection reflex) are hyperactive. In patients with spinal cord injury, spasticity gradually develops after a period of shock at 1-2 months post-injury, and moderate spasticity is reached at 3-4 months post-injury. Severe spasticity often indicates the presence of lesions in the body below the plane of injury, such as urinary tract infections, stones, perianal abscesses, anal fissures, and decubitus ulcers.