The vast majority of congenital heart diseases require surgical repair, especially some complex congenital heart diseases, such as, tetralogy of Fallot, complete transposition of the great arteries, complete pulmonary venous malformation connection, and double outlet of the right ventricle. With the advancement of technology, a few simple congenital heart diseases in children, such as, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary valve stenosis, can be blocked or balloon dilated by catheter intervention. After more than half a century of exploration, the majority of congenital heart diseases can be treated surgically. Surgical methods include anatomical correction of cardiac vascular malformations; physiological correction of blood circulation pathways; and palliative surgery to improve blood circulation pathways to improve ischemia, hypoxia or reduce the functional load of the heart to improve the quality of life and prolong the life of patients.