Precocious heart disease is a class of common cardiovascular diseases that seriously endanger children’s health and is one of the main causes of infant and child mortality in China. Premature heart disease infants 1/3-1/2 are at high risk after birth due to complex cardiovascular malformations or pulmonary congestion, and will die prematurely without early and timely treatment, with a natural mortality rate of about 20-50% within 1 year of age. In some cases, even after 1-2 years of age, the opportunity for surgery is lost due to obstructive pulmonary vascular lesions. In some cases, even after surgery, the surgical and postoperative risks are greatly increased, and in some infants, pulmonary hypertension can still progressively worsen after surgery. 1, the formation of pulmonary hypertension: common left-to-right shunt precordial disease (arteriovenous ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, etc.), due to the left heart than the right heart system exists nearly five times the pressure step difference, resulting in increased pulmonary circulation blood volume, when more than three times the normal pulmonary circulation blood volume can produce pulmonary hypertension. Initially, it is dynamic pulmonary hypertension, and the child shows recurrent respiratory infections, pneumonia, and heart failure; the lesion continues to develop, resulting in increased pulmonary vascular resistance and reduced left-to-right shunt, and the child’s symptoms are reduced, but the pulmonary vascular lesion continues to worsen; finally, it develops into organic pulmonary hypertension, forming right-to-left shunt, with cyanosis, dyspnea, and reduced activity endurance, at which time the opportunity to correct the deformity is lost. 2, the occurrence of heart failure: left-to-right shunt precordial disease, due to increased blood volume of pulmonary circulation, resulting in increased blood flow back to the left heart, so that the left heart volume overload, causing left ventricular hypertrophy eventually lead to heart failure; combined pneumonia children, increased pulmonary resistance can also cause heart failure; no shunt type precordial disease (aortic constriction, pulmonary valve stenosis, complete pulmonary vein ectopic drainage, etc.) due to ventricular systolic load Heart failure can be caused by increased ventricular systolic load or pulmonary venous obstruction. When heart failure occurs the child presents with shortness of breath, excessive sweating, feeding difficulties, dyspnea, hypuria, tissue edema, cyanosis, etc. In chronic heart failure, the symptoms are gradually aggravated, while in acute heart failure, the onset is rapid, often resulting in the death of the child. 3. Delayed growth and development: Due to ischemia and hypoxia, the child consumes too much and is not supplied enough, which affects the normal metabolism and leads to delayed growth and development. 4.Impact on intellectual development: Ischemia and hypoxia in children with precordial disease, especially in children with cyanotic precordial disease with right-to-left shunt, often have hypoxic episodes (sudden onset of dyspnea, increased cyanosis, loss of consciousness, convulsions), which affect the blood supply to the brain, and long-term, severe ischemia and hypoxia will lead to the decline of the child’s intelligence. 5, bacterial endocarditis: due to the abnormal structure of the heart, the formation of vortex and damage to the endothelium, when there is bacterial invasion in the blood, it is easier than normal people bacteria in the ground, reproduction caused by endocarditis, agglomerate into groups to form superfluous (at this time the bacteria is extremely difficult to kill), and superfluous easy to fall off, causing intravascular blockage, resulting in serious consequences. 6, central nervous system damage: cyanotic preconditioning children with high blood viscosity, easy to produce thrombosis, bacterial embolism, can cause hemiplegia, blindness, aphasia, brain abscess, etc.