What people call “nasal cancer” is actually a general concept, the nose we know should include two major parts: nasal cavity and sinuses, among which sinuses consist of maxillary sinus, septal sinus, frontal sinus and pterygoid sinus; in addition, people often refer to all malignant tumors as “cancer”. In addition, people often refer to all malignant tumors as “cancer”. Therefore, the scientific definition of “nasal cancer” in medicine should be “malignant tumor of nasal cavity and sinuses”. Among the malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and sinuses, 80%-85% are “carcinoma” of epithelial origin (mucosal epithelium or glandular epithelium) and “sarcoma” of mucous membrane, periosteum, cartilage, lymphatic tissue, vasculature, bone, cartilage or muscle tissue. Among the “carcinomas”, squamous carcinoma is the most common, accounting for about 70%-80% of the cases, while others include warty carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, lymphoepithelial carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, metastatic epithelial carcinoma, olfactory cell tumor, papilloma carcinoma, etc.; “sarcomas” Among them, malignant lymphoma, reticulocytic sarcoma and fibrosarcoma, the three together account for about 2/3 of the total number of sarcomas, and the rest include osteogenic sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, mucosarcoma, smooth muscle sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, hemangioepithelial cell tumor, malignant hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma, plasmacytoma, etc. From the primary site of malignant tumor of nasal cavity and sinus, we can find that malignant tumor of sinus is more than nasal cavity, and malignant tumor of maxillary sinus is the most common, even accounting for 60%-80% of them. The septal sinus malignant tumor is the second most common, and the one that originates from the frontal sinus is the second most common, and the one from the butterfly sinus is rare. According to domestic statistics, malignant tumors of nasal cavity and sinuses account for 2.05%-3.66% of the malignant tumors in the whole body; the incidence rate in Shanghai area is about 1.61/100,000. It is a very common malignant tumor in ENT (its incidence rate is only lower than that of nasopharyngeal cancer and laryngeal cancer) and a tumor with high malignancy. Without any treatment, the natural survival of patients is only 12-22 months, and the 5-year survival rate is often less than 50% with aggressive comprehensive treatment. So what kind of manifestations will this disease have that warrant our vigilance? Malignant tumors originating in the nasal cavity are prone to nasal symptoms in the early stage, while those originating in the sinuses are mostly asymptomatic or have atypical symptoms in the early stage. When the tumor compresses or destroys the bone wall and goes beyond the sinus cavity, the symptoms of adjacent organs will appear. 1.Nasal manifestations: unilateral progressive nasal congestion, epistaxis, pus or foul-smelling mucus, and olfactory disturbance will appear. Repeated small amount of nasal blood may be the only symptom of malignant tumor of nasal cavity and sinus in the early stage, which needs to be paid attention to and timely check in hospital. When the tumor originates or invades into the nasal cavity, the examination will reveal new organisms with rough, erosive, brittle surface and bleeding easily when touched. Malignant tumors of nasal cavity and sinuses are often combined with purulent sinusitis and the symptoms are concealed, and regular hospital examination is needed for sinusitis that does not heal for years. 2. Oral manifestations: Mostly seen in maxillary sinus tumor, there will be numbness, pain, loosening or even loss of upper teeth, collapse of hard palate and other manifestations. 3.Facial manifestation: it will show numbness, swelling and even skin ulceration of the face. Different tumors may present deformities in different parts, such as nasal tumor in the external nose, maxillary sinus tumor in the cheek, septal sinus tumor in the root of the nose and inner corner of the eye, and frontal sinus tumor in the forehead. 4.Ocular manifestations: there will be eye movement disorder, overlapping vision, vision loss or even blindness, etc. 5.Ear manifestation: if middle ear infection symptoms such as ear stuffiness and hearing loss appear, it means the tumor may invade the eustachian tube. 6.Cranial nerve, skull base and intracranial invasion: if the tumor invades widely, it will show brain nerve dysfunction. 7. Cervical lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of the whole body: Most of them are late stage. Therefore, if the above phenomenon occurs, please don’t avoid the disease and go to hospital in time. What are the causes of this disease? How can we avoid the occurrence of this disease in our daily life? According to long-term clinical medical research, the following are the common causes of malignant tumor of nasal cavity and sinus: 1, long-term chronic inflammatory stimulation, chronic inflammation can induce squamous metaplasia and carcinoma of mucosal epithelium. Patients over 40 years old and suffering from long-term purulent sinusitis should be reviewed regularly to avoid malignant changes. 2. Patients with previous diseases such as involuted papilloma, pleomorphic adenoma, neurofibroma, meningioma, etc. should have regular follow-up to avoid malignant transformation of such junctional tumors. 3, exposure to carcinogenic substances or radioactive radiation: long-term exposure or inhalation of irritating, chemical substances, such as nickel, chromium, arsenic, mustard gas, etc. Some industries with long-term exposure to chemical substances, such as painting, shoemaking, wood (composite board) processing, etc. have the possibility of inducing the occurrence of malignant tumors of nasal cavity and sinuses. 4, viral infection: human papillomavirus infection may be related to it. 5.People with low systemic immune function are also the favored group of the disease. Therefore, the protection in daily life and work, and the timely treatment of chronic inflammation are fundamental to prevent this disease. For the diagnosis of malignant tumor of nasal cavity and sinus, clinicians can often make a clear diagnosis by understanding the condition, using some auxiliary examinations and tissue biopsy pathology. Although the prognosis of this disease is not ideal, through early detection and diagnosis of the disease, comprehensive treatment with surgery as the main treatment (including preoperative radiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy, surgical complete tumor, unilateral or bilateral cervical lymph node dissection if necessary, and postoperative radiotherapy) is used. For patients who cannot be operated at advanced stage, radiotherapy alone or combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy as palliative treatment can be supplemented with biological therapy, Chinese medicine, support and allopathic therapy), and great progress has been made. Because patients will have great psychological fluctuations during the treatment process, it is necessary not only for patients to have confidence to overcome the disease, but also for family members to give full understanding and support. The specific treatment plan needs to be formulated after good communication between patients, family members and attending physicians, because the first treatment of nasal cavity and sinus malignancy is the key to the success or failure of the disease treatment. It should be pointed out to patients and family members that there are many factors affecting the prognosis of nasal cavity and sinus malignant tumor, including: whether the consultation and treatment are timely, the location of the tumor, pathological type, stage, treatment plan, as well as the patient’s age and general condition. In addition, there are “twenty words” for the prevention and treatment of nasal and sinus malignant tumors to encourage patients: prevention, early detection, reasonable treatment, firm confidence and family support.