The presence of important nerves, spinal cord and blood vessels around the cervical spine, as well as the presence of its peripheral structures, such as the thyroid gland, trachea and esophagus, determines the complexity and danger of cervical spine surgery. In fact, any surgery has a certain degree of risk, ranging from heart, cranial, and cervical spine surgery to the removal of teeth, corns, and powdery tumors. Some complications are common to these surgeries, while others are unique to a particular surgery. Whether complications occur, and if so whether they necessarily have serious consequences, depends on many factors. These factors include, for example, the preparation before surgery, the cooperation of doctors, nurses and patients during surgery and the treatment and care after surgery. Adequate preoperative preparation is an important basis for successful surgery, including physiological preparation, i.e., the patient should strive to achieve optimal function and condition of all organs and systems of the body, the patient should be in good nutritional condition, and should actively cooperate with the surgeon in the practice of postures and movements related to surgery. Patients should understand their condition, the purpose and manner of surgery, and the possible complications and consequences, and cooperate actively and positively with the doctors and nurses to minimize the chance of complications. The cooperation of doctors, nurses and patients during surgery is also a key factor. The perfect operation, skilled surgical technique, and tacit cooperation make the insurance factor of successful surgery much higher. Post-operative treatment and close observation, careful nursing care and active functional exercise lay the foundation for improved surgical results and physical rehabilitation. Through the above efforts, coupled with the continuous development and increasing improvement of modern medical technology, it is possible to reduce the risk of surgery to a minimum. In terms of cervical spine surgery, the complications vary slightly from procedure to procedure. The common complications of anterior surgery include: non-fusion of bone graft, prolapse of bone graft, infection in the bone graft area, spinal cord injury, nerve root injury, superior laryngeal nerve injury, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, sympathetic nerve injury, vertebral artery injury, esophageal injury, airway ventilation disorder, etc. Common complications of posterior surgery include: hematoma, spinal cord injury, reactive spinal cord edema, nerve root entrapment pain, dural injury, scar contracture, and infection. The incidence of these complications ranges from 0.04% to 2.93%, which is quite low. If complications occur, patients should actively cooperate with their doctors to minimize the impact of complications and strive for early recovery. The chances of complications are not exactly the same in different hospitals due to differences in proficiency, skill and experience in different surgeries. Therefore, I often hear patients say, “I must have my surgery done by a trusted doctor in a trusted hospital”, which is somewhat justified. With the continuous improvement of surgical techniques, the popularization of medical knowledge and the increasing modernization of medical devices and equipment, the safety of cervical spine surgery will be further improved.