1, clinical diagnostic criteria 1, cervical type: with a typical history of fallen pillow and the above-mentioned cervical symptoms and signs; imaging examination can be normal or only physiological curvature changes or mild intervertebral space narrowing, with little bone formation. 2, neurogenic type: symptoms (numbness, pain) and signs of radicular distribution; positive intervertebral foramen squeeze test or/and brachial plexus pull test; imaging findings are basically consistent with clinical manifestations; pain due to extra-cervical pathology (thoracic outlet syndrome, tennis elbow, carpal tunnel syndrome, elbow tunnel syndrome, frozen shoulder, biceps long head tenosynovitis, etc.) is excluded. 3, spinal cord type: clinical manifestations of cervical spinal cord damage; imaging shows cervical degenerative changes, cervical spinal stenosis, and confirms the presence of cervical spinal cord compression consistent with clinical manifestations; except for progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord tumor, spinal cord injury, secondary adhesive arachnoiditis, multiple peripheral neuritis, etc. 4, sympathetic type: diagnosis is more difficult, and there is a lack of objective diagnostic indicators. Clinical manifestations of sympathetic nerve dysfunction and imaging show segmental instability of the cervical spine are present. In some patients with atypical symptoms, if the symptoms are reduced after planetary ganglion closure or high cervical epidural closure, it will help the diagnosis. Vertigo due to other causes: (1) Otogenic vertigo: vertigo due to vestibular dysfunction in the inner ear. For example, Meniere’s syndrome and embolism of the auditory artery in the ear. (2) Ophthalmogenic vertigo: refractive error, glaucoma and other ophthalmic disorders. (3) Brain-derived vertigo: inadequate blood supply in vertebrobasilar artery due to atherosclerosis, lacunar cerebral infarction; brain tumor; sequelae of traumatic brain injury, etc. (4) Vertigo of vascular origin: vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency due to stenosis of V1 and V3 segments of vertebral artery; hypertensive disease, coronary heart disease, pheochromocytoma, etc. (5) Other causes: diabetes, neurosis, overexertion, long-term sleep deprivation, etc. (5) Vertebral artery type: previous sudden collapse attack with cervical vertigo; positive spin neck test; imaging shows segmental instability or hook joint hyperplasia; except for other causes of vertigo; positive neck motion test. X-ray examination is an important tool for the diagnosis of cervical spine injury and certain diseases, and it is also the most basic and commonly used examination technique for the neck, and it is an important examination method that cannot be ignored even under the highly developed conditions of imaging technology. X-ray plain film provides an imaging basis for determining the severity of the injury, treatment selection and treatment evaluation. The whole cervical spine is often photographed in frontal and lateral views, cervical extension and flexion dynamic lateral views, oblique views, and cervical 1-2 open views and tomograms when necessary. Orthopantomographs can be seen as acromegaly or transverse hyperplasia of the hook vertebral joint and narrowing of the intervertebral space; lateral films can be seen as poor compliance of the cervical spine, retroflexion, narrowing of the intervertebral space, formation of bone redundancy at the anterior and posterior edges of the vertebral body, osteosclerosis of the upper and lower edges of the vertebral body (motion endplate), and developmental cervical spinal stenosis; hyperflexion and hyperextension lateral positions can have segmental instability; left and right oblique films can be seen as narrowing and distortion of the intervertebral foramen. Sometimes a high-density striated shadow at the posterior edge of the vertebral body – ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine – can also be seen. Cervical spinal canal measurement: On lateral cervical radiographs, the ratio of the midsagittal diameter of the spinal canal to the midsagittal diameter of the vertebral body is diagnosed as developmental cervical spinal stenosis if it is less than or equal to 0.75 in any of the vertebral segments C3 through C6. Segmental instability is important in the diagnosis of sympathetic cervical spondylosis and is measured: i.e., on a lateral cervical hyperflexion-hyperextension film, the sum of the distance between the point where the extension of the posterior border of the vertebral body line and the inferior border of the slipped vertebral body intersect to the posterior border of the same vertebral body ≥ 2 mm; the angle between the vertebral bodies is > 11°. CT can show the shape of the spinal canal and the extent of OPLL and the degree of encroachment on the spinal canal; myelography with CT examination can CT can show the shape of the spinal canal and the extent of OPLL and its encroachment on the spinal canal; myelography with CT can show compression of the dural sac, spinal cord and nerve roots. MRI of the neck, on the other hand, can clearly show changes within the spinal canal and spinal cord, as well as changes in the site and morphology of spinal cord compression, which is of great value for the diagnosis of cervical spine injury, cervical spondylosis and tumor. When the cervical intervertebral disc degenerates, its signal intensity also decreases, and the diagnosis of disc herniation can be accurately made in both the sagittal and cross-sectional planes. In the diagnosis of cervical spine diseases, magnetic resonance imaging can not only show the extent and degree of backward compression of the dural sac by cervical spine fractures and disc herniation, but also reflect the pathological changes after spinal cord injury. Intraspinal hemorrhage or substantial damage generally appears as a dark and gray image on T2-weighted images. In contrast, spinal cord edema often appears as a uniformly dense striated or pyknotic signal. Transcranial color Doppler (TCD), DSA, and MRA can probe basilar artery blood flow and intracranial blood flow in the vertebral artery and presume vertebral artery ischemia, which is an effective means of examining inadequate blood supply to the vertebral artery and is a common test for clinical diagnosis of cervical spondylosis, especially vertebral artery cervical spondylosis. Vertebral arteriogram and vertebral artery “ultrasound” can be helpful in diagnosis.