1, abdominal palpation There may be pressure pain in the left lower abdomen or lower abdomen, and abdominal pressure pain, rebound pain and abdominal muscle tension in severe disease should be noted as a complication of acute abdomen. 2, endoscopy This is the most important means of examination for non-specific ulcerative colitis at present. Microscopically, the mucosa of the intestinal segment is seen to be congested, edematous, granular protrusions, multiple punctate or patchy shallow small erosions or ulcers with mucus or yellowish white moss on the surface. The intestinal mucosa is more fragile, the mirror angle rubbing over easy to bleed, due to edema and lymphoid tissue hyperplasia, visible pseudo-polyps. 3.X-ray examination The texture of intestinal mucosal folds is disordered, the edge of intestinal canal is blurred, and in heavy cases, burr-like or jagged changes are seen at the edge of intestinal canal. If round filling defect is seen, it is often a pseudo-polyp. In severe cases, the intestinal pouch disappears and the intestinal tube is narrow and lead-like. 4.Laboratory examination (1)Stool examination Blood, pus and mucus are visible to the naked eye, and a large number of red blood cells, white blood cells, pus cells and macrophages are visible microscopically in the acute stage, and there are no pathogenic bacteria in stool culture. (2) Blood examination Heavy patients mostly have mild to moderate anemia, decreased hemoglobin, more normal leukocytes, which can be significantly increased in severe cases, with nuclear left shift or toxic granules, etc. Increased blood sedimentation is one of the important signs of activity. Serum protein electrophoresis can also be used as an important marker for the activity of the disease. Increased α1 glycoprotein – in active phase, increased α2 glycoprotein – in remission. In severe disease, electrolyte disorder, low K is most common, followed by low Na, and low Mg is also seen. (3) Immunological examination Humoral immunity: immunoglobulins are measured during the active phase, and IgG, IgM and IgA are seen to be increased, with IgG being the most common. Cellular immunity Some patients have lower than normal T and lymphocyte percentages. Pathological examination: Inflammatory cell infiltration of mucosa, anisotropic epithelial cell hyperplasia, abnormal arrangement of glands, epithelial fibrosis, crypt formation, etc.