Patients after lobectomy often develop a cough, whether they undergo television-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or open-heart surgery. The occurrence of cough decreases more than 1 year after surgery, but some people still have cough symptoms more than 5 years after surgery. The cough mostly presents as an irritating dry cough with no or little sputum and is often induced after a deep whistle or shouting and laughing. In some patients, the cough is associated with a change in position and occurs after sitting up or lying down. There are various causes of chronic cough due to surgery: removal or injury of the C-fibers, irritation of the bronchial end sutures, anatomical changes (lymph node removal, bronchial tree sway, diaphragmatic elevation, reduction of unilateral lung volume, and deformation of the residual lobes). One of the most common causes is injury to the C-fibers. The afferent nerves of the vagus nerve of the lung are demyelinated nerve fibers called C-fibers, which terminate in the chest wall, diaphragm and abdominal muscles and play a role in regulating cough pattern and cough sensitivity. damage to C-fibers can cause cough, but it is often unavoidable in injuries caused by lobectomy. In the author’s experience, surgery-related cough mostly resolves spontaneously about three months after surgery, with symptoms gradually disappearing around six months later without the need for treatment. However, some patients have more pronounced symptoms that affect rest or work and require cough suppression therapy. Since postoperative cough may be related to C-fiber injury, codeine or a combination of drugs containing codeine components is generally required to obtain satisfactory cough suppression. It is important to note that not all cough that occurs after lobectomy is due to the surgery itself. Even if cough symptoms appear postoperatively, a causal relationship between the two cannot be simply affirmed. When chronic cough occurs postoperatively, other conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux syndrome, asthma, postnasal drip syndrome, and due to ACEI medications, among others, should also be considered. If there are other symptoms in addition to cough, such as fever, coughing, breath-holding, acid reflux, etc., or if there is no trend of gradual relief of cough symptoms, further investigations are needed to exclude other causes. For patients, if a chronic cough of longer duration or accompanied by other symptoms occurs after surgery, they should promptly visit the hospital for relevant examinations and listen to the doctor’s advice on whether medication is needed. A cough that lasts longer than 8 weeks is usually a cause for concern. In chronic coughs where the cause can be found, the first treatment measure is to treat the primary disease. If relevant tests have been performed (imaging or other tests) and other causes of chronic cough have been ruled out, cough medication may be given to relieve symptoms in order to relieve them. Although the symptoms of cough are simple, not all patients can be relieved after treatment. If cough symptoms persist without relief, a second visit to the hospital is required for further examination for any new disease conditions as well as adjustment of treatment under medical supervision. It is also important to note that failure to follow medical advice (interruption of treatment, failure to follow dosage, etc.) may also lead to persistent coughing without relief.