Selection of treatment plan Patients with esophageal cancer who meet the following conditions are considered to be preferred for surgery: 1. The lesion has not invaded the surrounding vital organs, has no lymph node metastasis or not much metastasis, and has no signs of distant metastasis; 2. There is no serious dysfunction of vital organs such as heart, brain, liver, lung, kidney, etc., and there is no serious concomitant disease, and the physical condition can tolerate the open-heart surgery; 3. For the patients with older age (e.g., more than 75 years old), and with the combination of For older age (e.g. over 75 years old) with some chronic diseases, extra caution should be taken. Patients with the following conditions of esophageal cancer are contraindications to surgery: 1. Severe invasion of lesions, multiple lymph node metastasis, metastasis to other organs of the whole body; 2. Serious functional insufficiency of heart, lung, liver, brain, kidney and other important organs, such as low lung function, heart failure, myocardial infarction in less than half a year, serious cirrhosis of the liver, and severe renal insufficiency; 3. Cervical esophageal cancer is surrounded by important organs and large blood vessels, and needs to be treated in a comprehensive way. 3. Since there are many important organs and blood vessels around the cervical esophagus, and the whole larynx needs to be resected, it is not easy for the operation to remove and clean up cleanly as a relative contraindication to operation. Radiotherapy includes simple radiotherapy, radical synchronous radiotherapy, preoperative synchronous radiotherapy, postoperative radiotherapy and palliative radiotherapy, etc. Simple radiotherapy is mainly for patients with poor physique and old age who cannot tolerate chemotherapy; 2. Radical synchronous radiotherapy is mainly for those who are unwilling to operate for early and middle stage esophageal cancer, those who have cervical or suprathoracic esophageal cancers with great difficulty in operation, and those whose lesions invade the surrounding important organs; 3. Preoperative synchronous radiotherapy is mainly for those whose lesions are not willing to operate. Postoperative radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy is mainly for those who have lymph node metastasis after operation, especially for those who have lymph node metastasis in supraclavicular area or upper mediastinum, and for those whose tumor invades the surrounding important organs or those whose tumor is closely related to trachea or tracheal membrane or thoracic aorta before operation. Those whose tumors invade surrounding important organs or those whose tumors are closely related to trachea or tracheomembranous part or thoracic aorta before operation, and it is estimated that it is difficult to be completely resected; ③ Those whose local lesions are not cleanly resected by the naked eye after operation or those who remain under the microscope; ④ Those who have incomplete lymph node dissection (there is no neck dissection or the number of lymph nodes cleared is less than 12). 5. Palliative radiotherapy is mainly used for the patients with late-stage esophageal cancer, and it is mainly used for the patients with symptoms, such as pain caused by bone metastasis, headache and vomiting caused by brain metastasis, and so on. Chemotherapy is mainly for advanced esophageal cancer with distant metastasis and simultaneous radiotherapy, simple chemotherapy has short remission period and poor curative effect, and simple preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy does not improve the survival rate.