Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, also known as neonatal pulmonary hyaline membrane disease. It is mainly caused by the lack of alveolar surface active substance, resulting in progressive alveolar atrophy. The child develops progressive dyspnea, moaning, cyanosis, inspiratory trismus and respiratory failure in severe cases within 4 to 12 hours after birth. The incidence is related to gestational age, the younger the gestational age, the higher the incidence, and the lighter the weight, the higher the death rate. The cause is mainly due to the lack of alveolar surface active substance, resulting in progressive alveolar atrophy. Clinical manifestations The infants are mostly premature, with normal crying at birth and respiratory distress within 6 to 12 hours, which gradually worsens with moaning. Breathing is irregular, with intermittent pauses in breathing. The face becomes gray or blue-gray due to hypoxia, and the cyanosis is obvious after the occurrence of right-to-left shunt, which cannot be reduced by oxygen supply. Hypoxia is severe with hypotonia of the extremities. Signs include nasal movement, thoracic augmentation at the beginning, later pulmonary atelectasis increases and the thorax then sinks, more obvious in the axilla. The soft tissues of the thorax are depressed during inspiration, with the most obvious under the rib margin and the lower end of the sternum. The breath sounds of the lungs are reduced, and a fine wet woven grass 1 bureau (10) can be heard during inspiration. Your daughter’s carambola boiler is not dangerous to the moisture level in the still strider refers to the M washed toad 5 spring warned ⒎⒎窝祝共∏榧绦又兀粮腥究究究坪蠓胶米2∏檠现氐挠ざ劳龃蠖嘣煲煲阅塚陨陨诙 fright∷缆首罡摺 The disease also has a mild form, probably due to the lack of surface active substances not much, the onset of late, can be as late as 24 to 48 hours, dyspnea is light, no moaning, cyanosis is not obvious, three or four days later it will improve. Examination 1. Blood biochemical examination Due to poor ventilation PaO2 is low and PaO2 is increased. Due to the decrease of blood pH in metabolic acidosis, these three tests can be monitored transdermally, which is easy but cannot represent the actual situation in blood, and direct test of arterial blood is needed regularly. In metabolic acidosis, the alkali surplus is reduced and the carbon dioxide binding capacity is decreased. The blood is prone to low Na+, K+, and high Cl- during the disease process, so blood electrolytes need to be measured. 2.X-ray manifestation The early stage of pulmonary hyaline has a generalized decrease in transmittance on both sides of the lung field, and there are uniformly distributed fine particles and reticular shadows inside, the small particles represent the fine alveolar atelectasis, and the reticular shadows represent the small congested blood vessels. The bronchi are inflated, but are easily obscured by the heart and thymus shadows, while the segmental and terminal bronchi are clearly visible. If the atelectasis extends to the entire lung, the lung field is grossly glassy, making the inflated bronchi more clearly visible as if they were bald, bifurcated branches, and the entire thorax is well expanded with a normal diaphragm position. The European guidelines for the management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (2010) state that a single course of prenatal hormones has a preventive effect on neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, but the potential benefits of repeated hormone applications and their long-term safety remain unclear; there is no evidence-based clinical management involving stabilization of preterm infants at birth, including the use of oxygen and aggressive positive pressure ventilation, which may sometimes be harmful to the child; Surfactant replacement therapy is essential in the management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, but the optimal preparation, dose, and duration of use for preterm infants of different gestational ages are unknown; mechanical ventilation, a form of respiratory support, can save the child’s life but is prone to lung injury, and treatment strategies should use continuous positive airway pressure ventilation via the nose or nasal ventilation whenever possible and avoid mechanical ventilation as much as possible; To achieve the best prognosis for children with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, good supportive care must be given, including maintenance of normal body temperature, appropriate fluid therapy, good nutritional support, management of arterial catheter opening, and circulatory support to maintain proper tissue perfusion.