Urolithiasis is a disease of stones in any part of the urinary system caused by the interaction of multiple pathological factors, including kidney stones, ureteral stones, bladder stones and urethral stones. Urolithiasis is a common disease in urology, with a population prevalence of about 1% to 5% and an annual incidence of 0.04% to 0.30%. And the recurrence rate is high, about 50% in 10 years. The age of prevalence is 30 to 50 years old, with a male to female ratio of about 2.3:1. 25% of patients have a family history of first-degree relatives. Common causes: abnormal body metabolism: such as high blood uric acid, hyperparathyroidism, etc. Urinary tract obstruction: such as the presence of congenital pelvic ureteral junction stenosis, ureteral stricture, prostatic hyperplasia, urethral stricture, etc. Infection: repeated urinary tract infections. Foreign bodies: foreign bodies inserted into the urethra by themselves, thread knots that failed to dissolve after pelvic surgery, etc. Drug use: such as the application of excessive vitamin C, etc. Factors affecting stone formation include: age, gender, race, heredity, environment, diet and occupation, etc. What are the risks of urolithiasis? Pain: It can manifest as severe low back pain, abdominal pain, pain in the perineum and groin area, and sometimes can cause radiating pain at the testicles. Hematuria: It can be naked eye or microscopic hematuria. Difficulty in urination: stones block the urinary tract causing difficulty in urination. Repeated urinary tract infections: The obstruction caused by stones may lead to recurrent urinary tract infections or even abscess kidney. Causes hydronephrosis: affects kidney function. Kidney insufficiency, uremia …… How to find out that you have urinary stones? Pain: lower back pain, lower abdominal pain, perineal testicular pain may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, etc.; hematuria: may be naked eye or microscopic hematuria. Lithotripsy: there may be a history of small stone discharge. Infection: repeated urinary tract infections with unsatisfactory antibiotic application. Physical examination: the patient may have percussion pain in the lower back, abdominal pressure pain, sometimes enlarged kidney or stone can be felt, etc. How to further examine to confirm the diagnosis? Urine examination: urine red blood cells can be mildly elevated, and some patients have a full field of red blood cells. Blood test: most of the white blood cells are not elevated in the blood picture, but they can be elevated in combination with upper urinary tract infection. Stone analysis; the most ideal means of detection at present is stone infrared spectroscopy, which generally requires only green bean-sized stones to detect stone composition and to guide the corresponding prevention. Imaging: Ultrasound, CT, KUB+IVU (abdominal radiograph + intravenous urography).