Clinically, patients and friends often ask what kind of surgery should be done for stones, in fact, there are a variety of ways to deal with urinary stones, mainly based on the size and location of the stone and the impact caused to determine, in general, there will be the following surgery can be selected: 1, ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URS): ureteroscopic lithotripsy is usually used for stones larger than 6 mm or a longer period of time of medication can not be discharge resulting in fluid in the ureter and kidney above the stone, and patients who have failed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Although in principle URS can be performed for stones in the upper, middle, and lower ureter, it is more appropriate for the treatment of stones in the middle and lower ureter. Upper ureteral stones often fail due to stone ingestion, granulation or inflammatory polyps, and ureteral distortion, stenosis, resulting in failure of lithotripsy, or stone drift back into the kidneys, resulting in failure of lithotripsy and inability to completely clear the stone. In recent years, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or renal flexible mirror (RIRS) laser surgery is often preferred for upper ureteral stones, especially for those with longer or larger obstruction, with high stone removal rate and fast recovery. 2, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL): usually divided into minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) and standard channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SPCNL). Upper ureteral stones and renal stones with a maximum diameter of less than 3 centimeters are usually selected for mPCNL, the channel is usually less than F20, the most commonly used is F16, and the diameter of the channel is about 5 millimeters. Larger renal stones: such as diameter greater than 3 cm, multiple stones, partial staghorn stones, complete staghorn stones and infected stones are usually extracted using a larger stone extraction channel, i.e., the standard channel PCNL, F20~F24, with a diameter of the extraction channel of about 7~8 mm or so. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has certain surgical risks because of the need to establish a stone extraction channel from the skin to the kidney stones, because the blood supply of the kidney is very rich with dendritic crisscrossing blood vessels, kidney puncture, dilatation and stone extraction process all need mature experience and technology. 3.Ureteral and renal flexible mirror (RIRS) laser lithotripsy: In recent years, domestic large hospitals have gradually carried out clinical application and mature minimally invasive surgical methods. It is usually used for the treatment of upper ureteral stones and stones in all positions in the kidney, and the maximum diameter of the stones usually does not exceed 1.5~2.0 centimeters. It is also commonly used for the diagnosis and treatment of unexplained hematuria and tumors of the renal pelvis and calyces. Larger kidney stones, but the patient due to a variety of subjective and objective conditions can not tolerate conventional percutaneous nephrolithotomy, if the doctor is skilled, laser lithotripsy equipment with high efficiency can also be used to soft mirror reasonable staged surgical lithotripsy to remove stones.