The general public believes that urinary stones are a minor problem that will not cause harm to the body. If there is no back pain and hematuria, most people will not go to the hospital to see a doctor, and even do not know what to see a specialist; some patients with urinary stones no longer go to the hospital follow-up after treatment, that from now on can rest easy. In fact, not, urolithiasis is the most complex field of urology, the treatment of the most difficult a disease. I have been engaged in the basic and clinical research of urinary stones for many years, here are some of my views on urinary stones. First of all, what is urinary stones? The so-called urinary system refers to the human body to produce urine and urine out of the body system, by the kidneys (urine-producing organs), ureters (connecting the kidneys and bladder pipe), bladder (storage and emptying of urine organ) and urethra (urine out of the body through the pipeline) organs, can be compared to the image of the “sewer”. Stones occurring in each of these organs are collectively referred to as urinary stones. It must be noted that the original site of stone formation in the kidneys, kidney stones can be formed with the urine flushing to the ureter, bladder and urethra. Secondly, how are kidney stones formed? Although many scientists around the world have studied the causes and mechanisms of kidney stones for many years, there is still no thorough understanding. Roughly speaking, the formation of kidney stones is the result of a combination of individual genetic inheritance and the environment. The former is the so-called physical factors, which can lead to an increase in the content of stone-forming substances in the urine, such as oxalic acid, uric acid and calcium, and at the same time a decrease in the content of substances that inhibit the formation of urinary stones, such as citrate; the latter is related to the dietary habits and geographic environment, and so on. The various crystalline substances in the urine are deposited in the kidneys through a series of physicochemical processes and gradually grow. At present, we can only intervene to reduce the content or concentration of crystalline substances in the urine, while the crystalline substances (invisible to the naked eye) form clearly visible so-called “stone” in the kidneys of the process we are still unable to do anything to intervene. Thirdly, what are the risks of urinary stones? The most common is a relatively small kidney stone discharged into the ureter, blocking the ureter leads to increased pressure in the kidney and ureteral spasm, resulting in renal colic. It is a sudden sharp pain in the lower back that radiates to the middle and lower abdomen, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting or hematuria. Renal colic is often unbearable and has a serious impact on normal work and people’s travel, especially for people in special occupations, such as pilots, motor vehicle drivers and army officers. Secondly, stones can lead to chronic obstruction, resulting in hydronephrosis, obstructive nephropathy and renal atrophy, all of which can affect the function of the kidneys, or even the kidneys lose their function completely. More seriously, long-term kidney stones can lead to renal pelvis cancer after irritating the mucosa of renal pelvis. Finally, kidney stones will lead to kidney infection and hematuria. Once the body resistance decreases, or suffering from severe diabetes and immunocompromise, patients with kidney stones are prone to kidney infection, which will lead to high fever, and septicemia produced by the massive reproduction of bacteria into the bloodstream, which can be life-threatening if not treated in time. Most patients are found to suffer from urinary stone disease only after an attack of renal colic, and the specific condition of each patient with urinary stone is different, the specific condition of the stone shows diversity, the choice of treatment depends to a considerable extent on the level of minimally invasive urology technology and medical equipment in the local hospitals, the stone can be moved in the urinary tract system resulting in uncertainty of a certain treatment measure, and there are certain complications, and the treatment is easy to recur. complications and a tendency to recur after treatment. All of the above situations show that urinary stones is a very complex disease, must pay great attention to, once there is back pain and discomfort accompanied by hematuria should go to the regular hospital, timely detection, treatment should also be reviewed annually in the hospital. Only in this way can we effectively treat urinary stone disease and prevent recurrence.