Although mastopathy is a benign hyperplastic lesion of the breast and conservative treatment is generally advocated, as mentioned above, due to its close relationship with breast cancer and certain clinical malignancy rate, patients are recommended to undergo surgery when mastopathy has some of the following conditions: (1) mastopathy is confined to one quadrant of the unilateral breast, especially in the outer upper quadrant of the breast (1) If the lesion is confined to one quadrant of the breast, especially in the upper outer quadrant of the breast; if the lump is large and hard and the effect of conservative treatment is not obvious (2) Those who are over 35 years old, have a family history of maternal breast cancer, and have a nodular breast lump that has not shrunk significantly with various treatments. (3) Those with existing hyperplastic breast lumps that increase rapidly within a short period of time. (4) In the course of observation and treatment of the original hyperplasia of the breast, the symptoms and signs have increased recently, and the results of imaging examinations such as mammography and needle aspiration cytology have progressed compared with the previous examination, suggesting the possibility of malignant transformation. (5) Post-menopausal elderly women with newly appeared “breast hyperplasia”, such as breast pain, glandular thickening, etc. (6) Patients with mastoproliferative disease who have been confirmed by needle aspiration cytology or biopsy to have active mammary epithelial cell hyperplasia or even heterotypic changes should undergo excision of the hyperplastic mass or simple mastectomy and, if necessary, intraoperative frozen section pathological examination. Patients with mastopathy should be followed up or reviewed in about 3-6 months during the treatment process, and thereafter, they can be reviewed every six months, and timely surgery can be given when malignant lesions are found. Only in this way can malignant changes be prevented.