Breast hyperplasia is an abnormality of normal mammary gland development and regeneration, not a disease, but it is often categorized as breast hyperplasia in China. 25-40 years of age is normal for cyclic activity, while abnormalities appear as cyclic breast pain and cyclic nodules; 35-55 years of age is normal for lobular, stromal, and ductal regeneration, while abnormalities appear as mammary cysts, sclerosing adenopathies, and dilated ducts. Pathological types of breast hyperplasia are complex and varied, mainly involving the lobular units of the terminal ducts of the breast, but also involving the large ducts. The lesions are characterized by different degrees of hyperplasia of the mammary glands and the interstitium, including hyperplasia of follicles in the lobules and the terminal ducts, and extensive hyperplasia of fibrous tissues in the interstitium. Ductal obstruction causes expansion and fusion of the affiliated follicles to form cysts of varying sizes, and the contents of the cysts are mostly yellowish plasma fluid, with or without fibroadenomatous hyperplasia. Clinical manifestations: breast hyperplasia has no clinical manifestations, and periodic breast pain is often the physiological manifestation. Diffuse thickening of breast glands and breast lumps may be manifestations of breast hyperplasia, with or without mastalgia. For those with nipple discharge, it is mostly transparent, plasma or yellow discharge, and blood is rare. Treatment principles 1. Breast hyperplasia is a pathological concept, and symptomatic treatment is recommended, with breast pain, breast cysts or breast lumps as the corresponding symptoms. 2. Adequate individualized psychological and pharmacological interventions combined with appropriate biopsy and surgical excision are effective treatment modalities. 3. Most patients need no treatment for their breast pain symptoms, which are significantly improved by clearing up their doubts, dietary adjustments and wearing appropriate bras. 4, breast pain symptoms persist and affect normal life and workers, can be appropriate drug intervention. Most of the patients can be treated with traditional Chinese medicines, and some of them can relieve the symptoms. It is reported that Danazol, bromocriptine, progesterone, triamcinolone acetonide, and small-dose iodine treatment also have certain efficacy. 5. For those with lumps, percutaneous biopsy should be carried out according to BI-RADS classification in order to avoid miss-diagnosis and misdiagnosis of breast cancer. 6. When breast hyperplasia with ductal epithelial atypia, lobular atypia, or papillomatosis is identified, it suggests a high risk of breast cancer, and surgical treatment or chemoprevention is recommended. Studies have shown that general breast hyperplasia does not increase the risk of breast cancer, but when accompanied by atypical hyperplasia, the risk of breast cancer is 3-5 times higher than that of the average woman, and 3%-22% of breast cancer will occur in the next 10-15 years. There are 3 methods of prevention: close follow-up, pharmacologic intervention and surgical intervention with total mastectomy and reconstruction.