Mammary hyperplasia is the most common non-infectious benign disease of the breast, the classification and naming of this disease is not standardized enough, the diagnosis and treatment are also far from each other, and doctors give patients a variety of opinions, which causes a great psychological and physiological burden on the patients. At present, from the clinical habits and treatment point of view, this disease is divided into breast pain, breast adenopathy and fibrocystic breast disease for more people to accept. Breast pain does not really belong to breast hyperplasia, and does not increase the risk of breast cancer. Fibrocystic degeneration refers to a lumpy or continuous nodular breast disease, and fibrocystic degeneration detected by clinical palpation does not increase the risk of breast cancer, whereas mammary adenopathy, especially mammary fibrocystic adenopathy, is often associated with proliferative disease in the ducts of the breast. Breast adenopathy, especially fibrocystic adenopathy, should be emphasized because it is often associated with hyperplastic lesions in the ducts and benign epithelial hyperplasia, thus increasing the risk of breast cancer. The cause of the disease is not fully understood, and most scholars believe that it is related to the following factors: (1) Sex hormone abnormality, i.e., endocrine imbalance with the ovary, which leads to excessive hyperplasia of the glands or incomplete recuperation, and the occurrence of fibrosis leading to breast pain. (2) Breast tissue hypersensitivity to estrogen. (3)The influence of marriage and childbearing factors, reasonable childbearing, breastfeeding is a kind of protection for the mammary glands while late marriage, infertility, abortion, application of contraceptive drugs and so on will have a negative impact on the mammary glands. (4) Mental stress, boredom and high-fat, high-protein diets and consumption of hormone-fed plants and animals will have a negative impact on the human body, including the breast. Diagnosis and treatment: Currently recognized breast examinations include palpation by the clinician, color ultrasound and mammogram, as well as necessary pathological examinations. In terms of treatment, the main focus is to relieve symptoms and control the condition. As of now, there is not a single effective drug to treat breast hyperplasia, and TCM medication has a role to play. Breast hyperplasia itself is not an indication for surgery, but excision biopsy or puncture biopsy can be considered when there are asymmetric breast nodules that do not change with menstruation, accompanied by fluid overflow, and the effect of medication is not good, and the possibility of malignancy can not be excluded from the clinical situation. Breast hyperplasia is non-inflammatory and non-tumor, and its relationship with breast cancer has always been the focus of patients’ attention as well as the hotspot of medical workers’ research. It is generally believed that invasive breast cancer occurs in a multi-stage pattern of normal gland → normal ductal hyperplasia → atypical ductal hyperplasia (mild, moderate and severe) → ductal carcinoma in situ → invasive ductal carcinoma, but it does not mean that it will inevitably develop further at each stage, and it may be at a certain stage for a long period of time due to the influence of the internal and external environment. It is generally believed that it takes about 1-3 years for normal tissue cells to grow to a diameter of about 1cm from the onset of cancer, while breast cancer within 2cm has very good clinical results, so it is especially important to insist on regular breast checkups. We suggest that women of childbearing age over 25 years old should undergo breast color ultrasound once a year and molybdenum target examination if necessary, and women over 35 years old should undergo molybdenum target examination every 1-2 years in addition to color ultrasound, so that most of the early breast cancers can be detected, which can effectively reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer.