Tuberculosis is mostly transmitted by droplets and sometimes through the gastrointestinal tract, so when a patient is diagnosed with tuberculosis, proper isolation is required. This is especially true for children and the elderly to avoid cross-infection. Active treatment along with isolation is also an important measure to reduce transmission. Commonly used anti-tuberculosis drugs include isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, and others. During the treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs, it is necessary to monitor the side effects of the drugs and make targeted treatment, such as liver function damage, optic nerve damage, peripheral neuropathy and so on. If the patient has decreased immune function, oral medication or food to improve the immunity of the body can be taken, and if the patient has malnutrition, nutrition needs to be enhanced.