What is a flexible ureteroscope? The human ureter is about 625px in length and extends from the kidney along the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity to the bladder in a tortuous manner, its diameter is usually only 3-4mm, and it is a challenge to diagnose and treat upper urinary tract diseases (stones, tumors) through the lumen of the ureter. The advent of flexible ureteroscopy has provided a new way to diagnose and treat upper urinary tract diseases. The diameter of ureteroscope is 2-3mm, the body is relatively soft, the front end of the mirror can be bent after entering the kidney, the end of the mirror can be bent at an angle of 180 degrees to 275 degrees, easily reach the renal pelvis and each renal calyx, completely using the natural lumen of the human body, more minimally invasive. Currently, ureteroscopes are most commonly used for the treatment of upper urinary tract stones. Ureteral flexible lithotripsy has the advantages of less damage, less pain and faster recovery, and you can usually be discharged from the hospital in 1 day after the procedure. Who is suitable for ureteral chondroscopy? With the continuous progress of ureteroscopy and the development of endoluminal lithotripsy assisted devices, the indications for ureteroscopic lithotripsy have been expanding, and now the main indications include: renal stones <2 cm in diameter; upper ureteral stones; residual stones after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy; upper urinary tract stones in patients with extreme obesity or severe spinal deformity; in addition, for patients with isolated kidney, horseshoe kidney and bleeding tendency, ureteroscopy Soft microscopy has unique advantages. What are the advantages compared to other treatment modalities? 1. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is simple, does not require anesthesia, and is inexpensive, but has certain near-term risks (such as perinephric hematoma, infection, urinary tract obstruction, renal colic, etc.) and long-term risks (such as potential perinephric injury, long-term hypertension, diabetes mellitus, etc.); 2. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a common means of treating kidney stones over 2 cm in diameter, but because the procedure requires a channel in the kidney, and the kidney itself The risk of bleeding is relatively high, and in case of serious bleeding, renal artery embolization or nephrectomy should be performed. Therefore, this procedure is relatively more damaging to the kidney. 3.Ureteral rigid mirror lithotripsy can be the first choice to deal with stones in the middle and lower ureter. However, because the mirror itself is straight and cannot be turned in the kidney, it is basically unable to deal with stones in the kidney; moreover, in dealing with some stones in the upper ureter, stones may move up into the kidney during the operation, and lithotripsy cannot be completed, and the patient needs to do further extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to aggravate the kidney damage. With the increasing health awareness of the general public, smaller and smaller stones are being detected by physical examination, and ureteroscopic lithotripsy will definitely become a "powerful tool" in the minimally invasive treatment of urinary tract stones, reducing the immediate and long-term damage to patients with stones. At present, our department has completed nearly 40 cases of diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract diseases with the use of platinum combination flexible microscope, especially in the treatment of kidney stones below 50px, upper ureteral stones and residual stones after percutaneous nephrolithotomy, with mature flexible microscope operation techniques and satisfactory clinical results.