Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have accounted for urban and rural residents of China’s disease causes of death No. 1, of which acute myocardial infarction is the most harmful, the most dangerous. With the onset of winter and the sudden drop in temperature, human blood vessels are prone to constriction, blood viscosity is prone to increase, and the risk of myocardial infarction also increases. Today we will learn about acute myocardial infarction. 1, what is acute myocardial infarction Acute myocardial infarction, the people usually called heart attack, which is due to a variety of reasons for the heart’s blood vessels and its system of supply and demand obstacles, especially after the emergence of an acute thrombus occlusion blood vessels are blocked, the myocardium appeared acute ischemic necrosis disease. About half of the patients with acute myocardial infarction, 1 to 2 days before the onset of symptoms, the most common is the original angina aggravation, prolonged duration of the attack, or the effect of nitroglycerin deterioration; or following the angina pectoris, the sudden emergence of prolonged angina pectoris. Typical symptoms of myocardial infarction include: sudden onset of severe and prolonged pressure pain in the retrosternal or precordial region, which cannot be relieved by rest or nitroglycerin, and is often accompanied by restlessness, sweating, fear, or a sense of impending death. A few patients present with shock or acute heart failure at the outset. Some patients with pain located in the upper abdomen may be misdiagnosed as gastric perforation, acute pancreatitis and other acute abdominal disease; a small number of patients with neck, jaw, pharyngeal and dental pain, easy to misdiagnose. 2, why the incidence of acute myocardial infarction in winter is high Every year in winter, it is the season of high incidence of heart disease, but also a concentrated outbreak of sudden cardiac death. There have been studies that found that for every 10 degree drop in temperature, the risk of heart disease will rise by 7%. Cold weather, which causes the constriction of blood vessels at the ends of people’s limbs and makes blood pressure rise, is well known as a major cause of heart disease. There are several other reasons for the high incidence of heart disease as a result of falling temperatures, such as increased catecholamine levels triggered by sympathetic arousal and platelet aggregation caused by the cold, which can induce a sudden heart attack. The cold winter months, when people are more inclined to eat high-calorie foods, elevated total cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels in the blood also contribute to heart attacks. In addition, the increase in alcohol consumption in winter, a large amount of food and alcohol in a short period of time, will cause abnormal excitation of the nerve center, resulting in increased heart rate, blood pressure, very easy to induce heart disease. 3, sudden chest pain suspected heart attack what to do The most effective way to reduce the harm of heart attack is to timely hospital treatment, coronary heart disease high factors of the population if the occurrence of more than 30 minutes of the anterior region of the heart pressure-like pain or feeling of suffocation must be timely medical treatment, is the most important means of saving lives. Early opening of the blocked blood vessels can save a large number of myocardial tissues on the verge of necrosis and reduce the incidence of heart failure and mortality. If chest pain occurs suddenly, or known heart disease, sudden chest pain, shoulder and back pain, epigastric pain, dizziness, nausea and other symptoms, should remain calm, take the semi-recumbent position, keep the airway open, if possible, oxygen, and pay attention to keep warm. Condition can measure the heart rate and blood pressure, if the blood pressure is not less than 90/60mmHg immediately sublingual nitroglycerin or fast-acting heart pill. If the above symptoms are not significantly relieved within 20 minutes, you should immediately dial 120 emergency telephone. After dialing the emergency telephone, according to the requirements of the medical staff can chew aspirin, waiting for the ambulance to arrive. During the period of waiting for help, you should keep yourself as quiet as possible, and should not walk or drive a car frequently. 4, how to prevent and control acute myocardial infarction (1) live a regular life, avoid working late at night, keep a calm mind; (2) adhere to the regular exercise, avoid sedentary, adhere to the moderate aerobic exercise, enhance the cardiorespiratory function; (3) take a light diet as the main, eat meals on time; (4) quit smoking and limit alcohol. (5) “Whenever and wherever you find the signals of heart attack, you should consult a doctor without delay. (6) People with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors should go to the hospital for regular heart checkups. (7) Patients with cardiovascular disease should pay attention to regular medication, monitor blood sugar, blood lipids and blood pressure, and undergo regular checkups. Winter is coming soon and the weather will get colder day by day. For middle-aged and old-aged people with potential cardiovascular diseases, it is important to pay attention to the above risk factors that induce heart attacks. Most importantly, keep warm during the cold season, eat a low-salt and low-fat diet, take medication regularly and have regular checkups.